Copyright 2016: Kazakhstan

1.1 What are the requirements for copyright to subsist in a work?

Copyright shall extend to scientific, literary and artistic works that are the outcome of creative efforts regardless of their purpose, content, merit or manner or form of expression. A work shall satisfy two fundamental requirements, it must be:(i) creative/original; and (ii) fixed in any material form.

Copyright shall protect both disclosed works and undisclosed works that exist in an objective form, in particular:

  1. written form (manuscript, typewritten text, musical score, etc.);

  2. oral form (public recitation, public performance, etc.);

  3. sound or visual recording (mechanical, digital, magnetic, optical, etc.);

  4. figurative form (drawing, sketch, painting, plan, industrial design, still from a cinematographic, television or video film, photograph, etc.); or

  5. three-dimensional form (sculpture...

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