Hecha la ley...
No son muchas las veces en las que los clientes nos consultan antes de salir al mercado o lanzarse en algún emprendimiento, acerca de los recaudos que deben tomar en materia de Propiedad Industrial. En esos pocos, pero gloriosos casos, aconsejaremos, seguramente, sobre los beneficios del registro de la marca y los instamos a hacerlo.
Si bien es cierto que el trámite parece sencillo, a veces no lo es y puede complicarse, ya sea por una oposición de terceros, una vista o por demoras propias de la tramitación. Pero en general, son cuestiones que pueden ser superadas en base a acuerdos, adecuaciones en las solicitudes de marcas en algunos casos y la experiencia de saber ser pacientes.
El conflicto podría plantearse en aquellos casos en los que nuestros clientes esperan el tiempo prudencial para lanzarse al mercado una vez solicitada la marca (tiempo de publicación y plazo para presentar oposiciones) y en dicho lapso un competidor se les adelanta con marca similar, en una clara maniobra para boicotear el proyecto comercial.
Es en estos casos en los que la ley de marcas resulta insuficiente para la protección del comerciante que obró diligentemente.
En primer lugar, porque la solicitud de marca no es idónea para requerir el auxilio legal mediante medidas cautelares, ya que se requiere para su otorgamiento ser propietario de "marcas registradas". Lo mismo ocurre para las acciones penales, en donde también se sanciona a quienes usen una marca registrada o infrinjan los derechos de propiedad de su titular.
Sabemos que la propiedad de una marca y la exclusividad de su uso se obtienen con su registro. Este renglón que usamos como cliché será decisivo en un caso como el comentado, en el que no hay tal marca registrada, sino intención de registro.
Asimismo, la verosimilitud del derecho también resulta débil, ya que solo detentamos un "mero" derecho en expectativa y solo en casos excepcionales se han otorgado medidas en situaciones similares.
Por otro lado, el procedimiento establecido por el art. 35 de la ley 22362 tiene por finalidad otorgar una garantía al demandante en caso de que el uso de la marca continúe durante la sustanciación del juicio, más la decisión de continuar o no utilizándola queda, en definitiva, en cabeza del supuesto infractor -quien puede caucionar para continuar la explotación-, y no del accionante.
Y si bien la ley habla del "demandante", en algunos fallos judiciales ha sido requerido ser "titular de marca registrada"...
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