Personal Data: Introduction

Kazakhstan's laws regulate public relations in the sphere of personal data protection. The Republic of Kazakhstan's law titled On Personal Data and Protection Thereof, or simply the Law, which was enacted o 21 May 2013, provides for the concept of personal data, including matters concerning its use, collection, processing, protection, and so on. This article outlines the state regulations regarding personal data.

Personal data, which is either specific or determined, includes information about a subject, in hardcopy, softcopy, or other forms of physical media.

The Law divides personal data into two categories:

Public means that access to personal data is free with the consent of the subject or that confidentiality requirements do not apply under Kazakhstan's laws (e.g., biographical directories, address and telephone books, public information resources, and media). Personal data of restricted access means that personal data is unavailable to the public under Kazakhstan's laws (e.g., workplace, residential address, identity card, and personal phone number). Collection and processing of personal data are possible only with the owner's consent.

Moreover, the Law stipulates cases when the consent of the subject is not required:

Activities in law enforcement agencies, courts, and proceedings Implementation of the state statistical objective Protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, where obtaining the consent of the subject or his or her legal...

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