Private Enforcement. Antitrust Violation: The Italian Legislative Decree N. 3/2017 Has Been Approved (Italian)
Con il Decreto Legislativo n. 3/2017 il legislatore italiano ha recepito la Direttiva 2014/104/UE, con la quale è stata introdotta una normativa uniforme negli Stati Membri dell'Unione Europea in materia di azioni di risarcimento del danno fondate su una violazione, da parte delle imprese, della normativa antitrust. Tale sistema di "private antitrust enforcement", di natura civilistica, si aggiunge e si coordina con i sistemi già esistenti di public enforcement del diritto della concorrenza (i.e. applicazione delle norme da parte delle autorità amministrative).
Gli aspetti principali disciplinati dal Decreto riguardano:
legittimazione ad agire: il Decreto, consolidando la giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia e della Corte di Cassazione in materia, stabilisce che il diritto al risarcimento spetta a chiunque abbia subito un danno a causa di un illecito antitrust da parte di un'impresa (o associazione di imprese). Il Decreto ha inoltre previsto che le regole da esso stabilite si applicano anche alle azioni di risarcimento del danno antitrust incardinate tramite class action ai sensi dell'articolo 140-bis del Codice del Consumo; acquisizione delle prove: il Decreto, preso atto dell'asimmetria informativa che caratterizza questo tipo di azioni - in cui le prove della violazione si trovano solitamente nella disponibilità di chi ha commesso l'illecito - disciplina un particolare ordine di esibizione che, a differenza del tradizionale istituto previsto dal codice di procedura civile, può riguardare anche intere "categorie di prove" e può coinvolgere anche le prove contenute nel fascicolo dell'Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM). Tuttavia, a salvaguardia dell'applicazione pubblicistica della normativa antitrust, le prove vengono distinte nelle seguenti categorie in: i) prove che non possono mai essere esibite (i.e. quelle aventi ad oggetto dichiarazioni legate a programmi di clemenza); ii) prove che possono essere esibite solamente dopo la definizione del procedimento davanti all'AGCM (i.e. informazioni rese o redatte durante il procedimento); iii) prove che possono essere esibite anche prima della conclusione del procedimento (i.e. le prove che non sono riconducibili alle prime due categorie). Il giudice può applicare delle sanzioni amministrative pecuniarie in caso di inadempimento all'ordine di esibizione e ritenere provato il fatto a cui la prova si riferisce; efficacia degli accertamenti dell'Autorità: il Decreto prevede...
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