Supreme Court Issues Significant Rulings on Eminent Domain Issues: A Primer on 5th Amendment Takings Jurisprudence

United States Law Articles in English (2008)

Lewis Wiener Esq - Sutherland Asbill & Brennan

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Citations:

US Code - Title 28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure - 28 USC 2501 - Sec. 2501. Time for filing suit

US Code - Title 28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure - 28 USC 1491 - Sec. 1491. Claims against United States generally; actions involving Tennessee Valley Authority

US Code - Title 28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure - 28 USC 1346 - Sec. 1346. United States as defendant

US Code - Title 42: The Public Health and Welfare - 42 USC 4654 - Sec. 4654. Litigation expenses

U.S. Supreme Court - Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes at Monterey, Ltd., 526 U.S. 687 (1999)


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Extract:

Supreme Court Issues Significant Rulings on Eminent Domain Issues: A Primer on 5th Amendment Takings Jurisprudence

I. INTRODUCTION

Eminent domain is the right of a municipality, a state, or the federal government to acquire private property for public use. A governmental entity may purchase property without the owner's consent by exercising its condemnation authority, more formally known as its power of eminent domain. The government may take property indirectly without instituting formal condemnation proceedings through inverse condemnation. Inverse condemnation may occur through either the physical or regulatory taking of private property. A physical taking, as the name suggests, occurs when the government physically encroaches upon, appropriates, or occupies private property. A regulatory taking occurs when private property is impacted by operation of statute, regulation or administrative action. In virtually all cases, the subject statute, etc. will not explicitly target or even mention the subject property. For example, application of the Endangered Species Act may preclude development on a parcel that is found to be a natural habitat area for a certain species thus giving rise to an inverse condemnation claim even though the Act does not specifically mention or directly regulate the use of the affected parcel.

Whether private property has been condemned directly or indirectly, the takings clause of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution or state law compels the payment of just compensation.

II. TAKINGS JURISPRUDENCE

The starting point for any challenge to the federal government's taking of private property is the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which provides "nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."

A. Physical and Regulatory Takings Generally

1. Physical Takings

The clearest and most commonly understood sort of taking occurs when the gover...



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