(a) Mandatory Application. - This chapter applies to the following vessels engaged on a foreign voyage: (1) Beginning July 1, 1998 - (A) a vessel transporting more than 12 passengers described in section 2101(21)(A) of this title; and (B) a tanker, bulk freight vessel, or high-speed freight vessel, of at least 500 gross tons. (2) Beginning July 1, 2002, a freight vessel and a self-propelled mobile offshore drilling unit of at least 500 gross tons. (b) Voluntary Application. - This chapter applies to a vessel not described in subsection (a) of this section if the owner of the vessel requests the Secretary to apply this chapter to the vessel. (c) Exception. - Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this chapter does not apply to - (1) a barge; (2) a recreational vessel not engaged in commercial service; (3) a fishing vessel; (4) a vessel operating on the Great Lakes or its tributary and connecting waters; or (5) a public vessel.