From a totalitarian prison system in Kazakhstan to a system based on human rights.

During the Soviet era, Kazakhstan was a land of forced labor camps. The system of forced labor camps was established two years after the Russian Revolution in 1917 and continued throughout Joseph Stalin's reign due to large-scale industrial construction between 1950 and 1960. which demanded many workers. Offenders from throughout the Soviet Union were sent to camps in Kazakhstan to serve their sentences. At that time, the republic's prison service (the criminal-executive system) was a component of the Soviet Union's system and had all the same features. The criminal policy had a punitive character that resulted in severe crowding. Political and religious dissenters were sent to the same labor camps where professional offenders charged with murder and theft were serving their sentences. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan became independent and established its own penal system.

One of the main features of any criminal justice system is the number of offenders. Complete and reliable information on the number of offenders in Kazakhstan...

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