Alerta Bancaria: Congreso aprueba el texto sustitutorio de la Ley que Protege de la Usura a los Consumidores de los Servicios Financieros
Published date | 31 December 2020 |
Author | Andrés Kuan-Veng |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
El día 30 de diciembre de 2020 el Congreso de la República aprobó el texto sustitutorio de la Ley que Protege de la Usura a los Consumidores de los Servicios Financieros (en adelante, el “Texto Aprobado”) que modifica la Ley 28587 (Ley Complementaria a la ley de Protección al Consumidor en materia de Servicios financieros), el Decreto Ley 26123 (Ley Orgánica del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú) y la Ley 26702 (Ley General del Sistema Financiero y del Sistema de Seguros y Orgánica de la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP). Se espera que la autógrafa sea enviada al ejecutivo para que sea firmada y publicada en Diario Oficial “El Peruano”, convirtiéndose en norma.
El Texto Aprobado establece que el Banco Central de Reserva (“BCRP”) fijará los máximos y mínimos de tasa de interés de manera semestral únicamente respecto a las operaciones de de crédito referidas a créditos de consumo, créditos de consumo de bajo monto y crédito para las pequeñas y microempresas, siendo los créditos de consumo de bajo monto aquellos iguales o menores a 2 UIT (S/. 8,800.00), precisando además que el BCRP será la entidad competente para fijar las tasas de interés moratorio y compensatorio respecto a la actividad de intermediación financiera. Asimismo, se prohíbe la capitalización de intereses y el cobro de penalidad u otra comisión o gasto en caso de incumplimiento o atraso en el pago del crédito. En este sentido, se debe aclarar que el Texto Aprobado: (i) no establece un tasa de interés fija; (ii) no obliga al BCRP a establecer una tasa de interés de acuerdo con una metodología específica, por lo que este, como organismo constitucionalmente autónomo, puede determinar las tasas de interés libremente; y (iii) se limita a ciertas operaciones de crédito, por lo que la tasa máxima a ser fijada por el BCRP no recae sobre toda operación crediticia.
Las tasas de interés por encima del límite fijado por el BCRP serán consideradas tasas de interés de usura y tipificadas como delito, siendo de aplicación el artículo 214 del Código Penal.
El Texto Aprobado le otorga competencia a la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (“SBS”) para que identifique y sancione a las empresas del sistema financiero que emplean cláusulas abusivas en materia de tasas de interés, comisiones o gastos y emitirá normas de carácter general y específica que prohíban su realización e inclusión en los contratos, pudiendo denunciar ante el Ministerio Público a las entidades financieras que excedan las...
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