Competencia judicial en el concurso consecutivo
Author | Tatiana Cucurull Poblet |
Profession | Abogada y profesora derecho civil UOC |
Atención: este documento cita el art. 44,486,638 de Real Decreto Legislativo por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley Concursal. (Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2020, de 5 de mayo) que ha sido modificado por la Ley 16/2022, de 5 de septiembre, de reforma del texto refundido de la Ley Concursal, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2020, de 5 de mayo, para la transposición de la Directiva (UE) 2019/1023 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 20 de junio de 2019, sobre marcos de reestructuración preventiva, exoneración de deudas e inhabilitaciones, y sobre medidas para aumentar la eficiencia de los procedimientos de reestructuración, insolvencia y exoneración de deudas, y por la que se modifica la Directiva (UE) 2017/1132 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, sobre determinados aspectos del Derecho de sociedades (Directiva sobre reestructuración e insolvencia). (A partir de 26 septiembre de 2022). Este documento está siendo revisado para determinar si es necesario actualizar su contenido
Atención: este documento cita el art. 696 de Real Decreto Legislativo por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley Concursal. (Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2020, de 5 de mayo) que ha sido modificado por la Ley 16/2022, de 5 de septiembre, de reforma del texto refundido de la Ley Concursal, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2020, de 5 de mayo, para la transposición de la Directiva (UE) 2019/1023 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 20 de junio de 2019, sobre marcos de reestructuración preventiva, exoneración de deudas e inhabilitaciones, y sobre medidas para aumentar la eficiencia de los procedimientos de reestructuración, insolvencia y exoneración de deudas, y por la que se modifica la Directiva (UE) 2017/1132 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, sobre determinados aspectos del Derecho de sociedades (Directiva sobre reestructuración e insolvencia). (A partir de 01 enero de 2023). Este documento está siendo revisado para determinar si es necesario actualizar su contenido
Atención: este documento cita el art. 82,86 de Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial (Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio) que ha sido modificado por la Ley Orgánica 7/2022, de 27 de julio, de modificación de la Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio, del Poder Judicial, en materia de Juzgados de lo Mercantil. (A partir de 17 agosto de 2022). Este documento está siendo revisado para determinar si es necesario actualizar su contenido
Atención: este documento cita el art. 86 de Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial (Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio) que ha sido modificado por la Ley Orgánica 7/2022, de 27 de julio, de modificación de la Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio, del Poder Judicial, en materia de Juzgados de lo Mercantil. (A partir de 17 agosto de 2022). Este documento está siendo revisado para determinar si es necesario actualizar su contenido
Atención: este documento cita el art. 82 de Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial (Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio) que ha sido modificado por la Ley Orgánica 7/2022, de 27 de julio, de modificación de la Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio, del Poder Judicial, en materia de Juzgados de lo Mercantil. (A partir de 14 enero de 2023). Este documento está siendo revisado para determinar si es necesario actualizar su contenido
Para determinar la competencia judicial en el concurso consecutivo el concepto de empresario será concluyente.
Contenido
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El artículo 696 del Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2020, de 5 de mayo , por el que se aprueba el Texto Refundido de la Ley Concursal ( TRLC ), establece la competencia para declarar el concurso consecutivo.
Anteriormente, con la entrada en vigor de la Ley Concursal de 2003 ( Ley 22/2003, de 9 de julio ) y la creación de los Juzgados de lo Mercantil, se favoreció el derecho de insolvencias. No obstante, esta especialización judicial se vio afectada por la reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial 7/2015, de 21 de mayo, la cual, bajo la justificación de conseguir “un mejor reparto de asuntos entre juzgados” (Preámbulo LO 7/2015 , III) quebrantó esta especialización judicial.
En materia concursal, han sido varias las reformas legislativas que han tratado de paliar la falta de conciencia de la Ley Concursal 22/2003, de 9 de julio , sobre el concurso de la persona física. Sin embargo, una de las medidas que más destacó, por la inseguridad que comportaba en la práctica jurídica, fue la modificación de la competencia objetiva en materia concursal.
En cuanto a las personas jurídicas, no hay lugar a dudas en que la competencia para declarar y tramitar el concurso de acreedores corresponde a los jueces de lo mercantil. Sin embargo, el Ordenamiento jurídico español no contempla un procedimiento concursal de personas físicas. No obstante, la reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial mediante la Ley Orgánica 7/2015, de 21 de junio, lo que hizo fue atribuir a los Juzgados de Primera Instancia el conocimiento de los concursos de las personas naturales, siempre que éstas no tengan la condición de empresarios, arrebatándole así el ámbito de competencia objetiva a los Juzgados de lo Mercantil.
De este modo, si se atiende a lo que dispone el artículo 85.6 de la Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio, del Poder Judicial ( LOPJ ), los Juzgados de Primera Instancia conocerán “De los concursos de persona natural que no sea empresario en los términos previstos en su Ley reguladora”.
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Request your trial- Segunda oportunidad. Concurso consecutivo
- Competencia judicial en el concurso consecutivo
- Acumulación de acciones y procesos en el derecho concursal
- Legitimación y postulación procesal en la solicitud de concurso
- Solicitud de concurso. Supuestos, requisitos y cumplimentación
- De la declaración de concurso
- Admisión a trámite de la solicitud del concurso, oposición, contenido y publicación del auto de declaración del concurso
- Efectos de la declaración del concurso
- Informe de la administración concursal y presentación de textos definitivos
- Operaciones de liquidación: concurso consecutivo
- Calificación de concurso
- Derecho de alimentos en el concurso de acreedores
- Operaciones de liquidación: consideraciones sobre la vivienda habitual
- Conclusión del concurso consecutivo
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