Contratación Pública Y Acciones Constitucionales En Ecuador
En este comentario mostraremos cómo en el Ecuador, a partir del 11 de enero de 2017, los procesos de contratación pública pueden ser impugnados a través de acciones constitucionales. Comentaremos brevemente el caso que dio origen a esta reforma legal y señalaremos sus principales características.
La Corte Constitucional mediante sentencia de 11 de enero de 2017 resolvió el caso 1445-13- EP. Los hechos son los siguientes: una entidad del sector público y un contratista privado celebran un contrato para la construcción de un puerto artesanal en la provincia de Esmeraldas; una vez que el contrato comienza a ejecutarse, la entidad del sector público lo da por terminado y ordena que el privado pague su liquidación en el término de diez días; ante esos actos de poder público, el privado presenta una acción constitucional por violación de los derechos al debido proceso y a la seguridad jurídica (una acción ordinaria de protección).
El juez inferior niega la acción de protección por no encontrarse evidencia de dichas violaciones constitucionales y por cuanto el proceso se está discutiendo en sede administrativa. El proceso sube en apelación y la corte provincial de Esmeraldas, concede el recurso, dejando sin efecto los actos de terminación y liquidación efectuados por la entidad del sector público, como medida de reparación integral.
La entidad del sector público impugna la resolución del juez constitucional de segunda instancia mediante otra acción constitucional. El proceso llega a conocimiento de la Corte Constitucional a través de una acción extraordinaria de protección en la cual afirma que:
los efectos de la terminación del contrato es que los dineros dados en garantía por el privado (por fiel cumplimiento del contrato y por buen uso de anticipo) pasen a propiedad de la entidad pública; y, la entidad pública es sujeto de derechos subjetivos constitucionales por lo que dicha entidad no puede permitir que ningún trámite o proceso legal menoscabe sus derechos no se han violado los derechos del contratista la entidad pública firmó el contrato conforme el artículo 66 de la Constitución (sic) los jueces inferiores irrespetaron el procedimiento constitucional, legal y reglamentario para este tipo de acciones constitucionales En base a estos argumentos, la entidad pública solicita a la Corte Constitucional protección frente a los ataques de tribunales inferiores que concedieron una acción de protección a un particular. También comparece el abogado...
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