Coronavirus En Perú: Las disposiciones del sector eléctrico en tiempos de COVID-19
Published date | 14 April 2020 |
Author | Katherine Yesquen |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
La pandemia del COVID-19 ha llegado al planeta para quedarse y modificar sustancialmente nuestras costumbres y hábitos de conducta. A nivel local, y siguiendo las disposiciones de restricción a la libertad personal, nuestras actividades económicas, comerciales y personales se han reducido al mínimo indispensable, en aras de contribuir a paliar el crecimiento de los casos positivos en nuestro país, y con ello, darle una tregua a nuestro sistema de salud.
No obstante, los servicios considerados sustanciales para el Estado y la población no han sido detenidos. El servicio eléctrico ha continuado su ejecución de manera sostenida en el Estado de Emergencia Nacional[1] (“EEN”), atendiendo a las primeras disposiciones emitidas[2]. Para lograr ello, el gobierno anunció una serie de dispositivos legales que tienen por propósito asegurar la continuidad del suministro eléctrico, y el mantenimiento económico de algunos segmentos de la cadena de valor de este tipo de suministro. En las siguientes líneas, quisiera comentar lo dispuesto en este nuevo statu quo, en lo que respecta a las actividades de generación, transmisión, distribución, operación del Sistema Eléctrico Interconectado Nacional (“SEIN”), y supervisión y fiscalización de las actividades en el sector eléctrico.
Para empezar, se encuentra la generación eléctrica. Al respecto, el Ministerio de Energía y Minas (“MINEM”) ordeno realizar[3] las acciones que garanticen la continuidad del suministro de energía eléctrica, asegurando su entrega al usuario regulado y a los demás servicios públicos. Asimismo, se estableció que estas empresas debían ejecutar protocolos de seguridad cuyo objetivo sea salvaguardar la salud del personal, contratistas y/o terceros. Recordemos que la operación de la generación, así como el de las actividades de transmisión y distribución eléctrica, supone la presencia de personal en un centro de control desde el cual se supervise el funcionamiento de las centrales. En ese sentido, el personal requerido para dicha operación debe ser protegido debido a la exposición al trasladarse a los respectivos centros de control.
También, las empresas de generación se encontraban obligadas hasta el 22 de marzo al envío de sus respectivos Planes de Contingencia, los cuales debían identificar a un coordinador que sea quien informe y lidere los incidentes ocurridos durante el EEN. Cabe indicar que estos Planes de Contingencia son planes ad-hoc, distintos a los Planes de Contingencia que son entregados al OSINERGMIN[4]. No se han aprobado directrices respecto al contenido de estos Planes de Contingencia ad-hoc. Sin perjuicio de ello, creemos que estos Planes deben contener medidas operativas y seguridad sanitaria para el personal.
De otro lado, la primera semana de cuarentena se publicó la lista de empresas de generación que requerían seguir funcionando para el aseguramiento de la provisión eléctrica. Esta lista incluyó no solo a las centrales de generación de todo tipo de fuente, sino también a los auto productores (autogeneración), que abarca minería, industrias, cementeras, pesquería e hidrocarburos. Finalmente, se suspendieron las obligaciones legales de reporte y entrega de información física por parte de estas empresas ante el MINEM y el OSINERGMIN, obligaciones que se encuentran contempladas en el marco normativo eléctrico.
No podemos pasar al siguiente segmento del suministro eléctrico sin antes mencionar brevemente la caída de la demanda en estas primeras cuatro semanas del EEN. Como se sabe, la demanda ha caído en cerca del 30%. Al caer la demanda, la misma se satisface con las fuentes mas económicas del despacho, es decir, la hidroeléctrica y recursos energéticos renovables (incluyendo mini hidroeléctricas), siendo que, en Hora Punta, se ha llegado a...
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