Despido indirecto – Duplicación de indemnizaciones
Published date | 29 March 2006 |
Author | Rodrigo Solá Torino,Javier E. Patrón |
Date | 29 March 2006 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
El 1 de marzo de 2006 la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo resolvió, a través del fallo plenario Nº 310 dictado en "Ruiz, Víctor H. c/ Universidad Argentina de la Empresa U.A.D.E. s/ despido”, que resulta aplicable la duplicación de la indemnización contemplada en el artículo 16 de la Ley Nº 25.561 en los casos de despido indirecto.
En la práctica esto significa que los trabajadores que se hubieran dado por despedidos desde la sanción de la Ley Nº 25.561 podrán exigir el pago del incremento indemnizatorio previsto en dicha ley, al igual que los trabajadores que hubieran sido despedidos en forma directa por el empleador.
Cabe recordar que la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo Nº 20.744 regula, entre las diversas formas de extinción del contrato de trabajo, el despido directo dispuesto exclusivamente por el empleador (artículo 245) y el despido indirecto del trabajador que hace denuncia del contrato de trabajo y se considera despedido (artículos 242 y 246).
Hasta el dictado del fallo plenario las salas de la Cámara Laboral tenían posturas disímiles con relación a la aplicación de la duplicación de la indemnización contemplada en el artículo 16 de la Ley Nº 25.561 en los casos de despido indirecto.
Una postura mayoritaria consideraba que la ruptura del contrato laboral por parte del trabajador, fundado en justa causa, tenía los mismos efectos y consecuencias que cuando se trata de un despido directo dispuesto por el empleador. Para esta postura, sin perjuicio de que el artículo 16 de la Ley Nº 25.561 hace referencia a la suspensión de los despidos sin causa justificada, estableciendo una sanción para los empleadores que obraren en sentido contrario, cuando el empleador comete una injuria hacia el trabajador, también está decidiendo la extinción del contrato.
Otro criterio minoritario sostenía que el despido se refiere únicamente a la denuncia del contrato de trabajo emanada por el empleador, por cuanto la norma que suspendió los despidos fue dirigida a los empleadores y no a los trabajadores. Esta postura entiende que la mera injuria del empleador no pone al trabajador...
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