¿La Falta De Consentimiento Como Causal De Anulabilidad?
Article by Flavia Auad G.
1) El acuerdo de las partes..." Así, claramente se puede deducir que, de acuerdo a nuestro Código fuente, la nulidad de un contrato puede ser producida por la falta de cualquiera de sus elementos de formación, incluida, por supuesto, la falta de consentimiento, al ser este último uno de los requisitos esenciales -además del fundamental- para la existencia del contrato.
Ahora bien, se considera necesario enfatizar que, si bien la incorrecta previsión en nuestro actual Código Civil, concerniente a la no diferenciación entre la falta de consentimiento y el consentimiento viciado y sus posteriores efectos jurídicos, fue observada por la Comisión del Senado encargada de la elaboración del Anteproyecto del Código Civil Boliviano , posiblemente por una incorrecta interpretación de la Comisión Redactora estos aspectos no fueron admitidos, habiéndose confundido la falta de consentimiento con el consentimiento dado por un incapaz de obrar, conforme se describe a continuación:
"Artículo 549.- Casos de nulidad del contrato.- La Comisión del Senado propuso sustituir el numeral 1 (de este Art.) por otro que diga que el contrato es nulo por falta de uno o más requisitos para su formación, lo que no fue aceptado por la Comisión Redactora del Proyecto... sustancialmente porque la proposición no varía de lo establecido por el Código excepto en cuanto dicha norma no incluía como caso de nulidad la falta de consentimiento, no resuelta aun en la doctrina ni en las legislaciones modernas, ya que los casos de pretendida falta de consentimiento que ordinariamente se señalan no son tales, sino se trata de actos frustrados y otros que corresponden con mayor posición a casos de anulabilidad (como el contrato celebrado por un interdicto declarado)".
Yendo más allá, habrá que tener en cuenta que nuestro actual Código Civil en su Art. 549, sanciona con la nulidad al error esencial; sancionando con la anulabilidad al error sustancial del contrato. Ello no parecería correcto pues, siendo el error sustancial...
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