Firma digital y firma electrónica (Ley 25.506)
Author | Gabriel Matarasso |
Date | 28 December 2001 |
Published date | 28 December 2001 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
El 14 de diciembre de 2001 se publicó en el Boletín Oficial la ley de firma digital, cuyo proyecto legislativo estuvo varios años en discusión y tratamiento parlamentario.
Firma Digital
La ley define la firma digital como “el resultado de aplicar a un documento digital un procedimiento matemático que requiere información de exclusivo conocimiento del firmante, encontrándose ésta bajo su exclusivo control”, y se presume, salvo prueba en contrario, que el documento suscripto mediante firma digital no ha sido modificado desde el momento de su firma.
El art. 3º de la ley dispone como principio general que cuando los preceptos legales requieran la firma manuscrita del titular de un documento, la misma se tendrá por cumplida con la firma digital, otorgándole el mismo valor probatorio a ambos tipos de firma.
Sin embargo, la utilización de la firma digital tiene ciertas restricciones. Es decir, la ley establece ciertos casos en que la misma no podrá ser utilizada, como por ejemplo, en las disposiciones por causa de muerte, para actos jurídicos del derecho de familia, actos personalísimos en general, entre otros.
Para que la firma digital tenga plena validez, se requiere el cumplimiento de ciertos requisitos, como la necesaria emisión del correspondiente certificado digital por un certificador licenciado a tal efecto.
Certificado Digital
El Certificado Digital deberá estar emitido conforme las disposiciones legales y tendrá una validez limitada en el tiempo, correspondiendo al Ente Certificador establecer la fecha de vencimiento de cada certificado que emita.
La propia ley reconoce la validez de los certificados emitidos por certificadoras extranjeras, cuando los mismos reúnan los requisitos mínimos establecidos en la misma.
Firma Electrónica
La firma electrónica es el conjunto de datos integrados, ligados o asociados de manera lógica a otros datos electrónicos, utilizado por el signatario como su medio de identificación y que no llega a cumplir los requisitos establecidos por la ley para ser considerado firma digital.
Es decir, la firma electrónica actuaría como el género, mientras que la Firma Digital sería la especie.
Certificadores Licenciados
Los Certificadores Licenciados serán las...
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