Guatemala: Inspecciones en materia de salud y seguridad ocupacional
Published date | 09 December 2021 |
Author | Lionel Aguilar Cristina Sandoval |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Patronos y trabajadores, en sus respectivos centros de trabajo, tienen la obligación de adoptar y poner en práctica, medidas de salud y seguridad ocupacional -SSO- para proteger eficazmente su vida, salud e integridad en la prestación de sus servicios. Entre estas medidas se encuentran, entre otras, prevenir accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales, suministro y mantenimiento de equipo de protección personal; advertir a los trabajadores de los peligros que para su salud e integridad se deriven del trabajo; promover capacitaciones preventivas; dictar normativa específica para la prevención y control del contagio del virus SARS COV-2, etcétera.
Así también y con la finalidad de constatar el cumplimiento de todas las disposiciones relacionadas con esta materia, los patronos tienen la obligación de permitir y facilitar la inspección de los lugares o centros de trabajo de trabajo a:
- Inspectores de trabajo de la Inspección General de Trabajo -IGT-, quienes tienen facultades sancionatorias.
- Técnicos de salud y seguridad ocupacional del Ministerio de Trabajo y Previsión Social -MINTRAB-, quienes asesoran y recomiendan medidas SSO y remiten incumplimientos a la IGT.
- Inspectores de seguridad e higiene del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social -IGSS-, quienes asesoran y recomiendan medidas SSO e igualmente remiten incumplimientos a la IGT.
Lo anterior, sin excluir a personeros del Ministerio de Salud y Asistencia Social y de los respectivos Juzgados Municipales quienes también tienen la facultad de inspeccionar establecimientos abiertos al público para verificar el cumplimiento de normas de higiene y salud.
Generalidades de las inspecciones.
Las inspecciones pueden llevarse a cabo por denuncia, por verificación de oficio o por un registro de faltas, en cualquier caso, el inspector puede ingresar a las instalaciones del centro de trabajo sin previa notificación, en jornada de trabajo y a permanecer el tiempo que sea necesario para el cumplimiento de sus funciones, obviamente deberán identificar su calidad por medio de constancias o carnés, de no identificarse plenamente, el patrono puede negar su entrada.
Los inspectores pueden practicar todos aquellos medios de investigación para realizar su función de inspectoría, es decir que pueden realizar entrevistas a empleados, inclusive a proveedores, contratistas o testigos que se encuentren en el lugar de...
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