Obligaciones tributarias del pequeño contribuyente en el país en Guatemala
Published date | 08 February 2023 |
Author | Alejandra Fuentes |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
El 02 de febrero de 2023, la Superintendencia de Administración Tributaria publicó un comunicado indicando que esta detectó “tipología de incumplimiento tributario de exportadores registrados como Pequeños Contribuyentes”.[1] La publicación establece que, derivado del cruce de información en procesos de fiscalización, se identificó un grupo de exportadores registrados como pequeños contribuyentes que no están cumpliendo con las obligaciones tributarias y pago de impuestos relacionadas a las actividades de exportación.
Se identificó que, durante los años 2020 y 2022, “los contribuyentes han realizado exportaciones principalmente de productos agrícolas; sin embargo, en un primer escenario detectado: la declaración jurada simplificada y pago mensual es presentada con valor cero y en un segundo escenario identificado: únicamente se reportan ventas o servicios locales.”
El régimen de pequeño contribuyente se encuentra regulado en la Ley del Impuesto al Valor Agregado a partir del artículo 45, el cual regula un impuesto único que pueden pagar los contribuyentes que vendan bienes o presten servicios, y cuyo monto de facturación anual sea menor a Q150,000.00. La tarifa aplicable al impuesto es del 5% sobre los ingresos brutos totales por ventas o prestación de servicios. Es decir, en dicho régimen el contribuyente no tiene derecho a ninguna deducción de los costos y gastos en los que incurre para la prestación de servicios y venta de bienes.
El pago del impuesto debe realizarse de forma mensual, generalmente a través de retenciones. Sin embargo, el contribuyente está obligado a realizar la declaración y liquidación del impuesto y, en caso que no se realice la retención, el contribuyente debe realizar el pago directo del impuesto. Debe resaltarse que la declaración es obligatoria, independientemente que realice o no actividades afectadas.
El principal atractivo de este régimen es la simplicidad, ya que adicional a la obligación de la presentación de la declaración mensual, el contribuyente únicamente debe llevar el libro de compras y ventas habilitado por la Administración Tributaria. Asimismo, en cuanto a la facturación, la factura de pequeño contribuyente se debe emitir en el caso de montos mayores a Q50.00 y consolidar el monto de estas si son menores al final del día. Sin embargo, la principal desventaja es que las facturas emitidas por el pequeño contribuyente no generan derecho...
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