Intangibilidad de depósitos (Ley 25.466)

AuthorRicardo W. Beller
Published date30 November 2001
Law FirmMarval O'Farrell Mairal

El 25 de septiembre de 2001 entró en vigencia la Ley 25.466 consagratoria de la intangibilidad de los depósitos de ahorristas del sistema financiero nacional. El motivo de la sanción de esta ley obedeció tanto al recrudecimiento de la crisis económica por la que atravesaba (y atraviesa) el país como a las experiencias pasadas y medidas de emergencia que ha tomado el país en situaciones críticas en el pasado.

En efecto, en enero de 1990, frente a una coyuntura hiperinflacionaria y en circunstancias en las que la Argentina se encontraba privada de acceso al crédito internacional, el Poder Ejecutivo dictó el Decreto de Emergencia 36/90 (“Plan Bonex”) por el cual se congelaron los plazos fijos en moneda nacional, los que fueron convertidos y restituidos a los ahorristas en bonos de la deuda pública nacional.

Como consecuencia del canje compulsivo de depósitos, grupos de ahorristas iniciaron acciones legales contra el Estado, solicitando la declaración de inconstitucionalidad del decreto presidencial y la devolución de sus ahorros por entender que dicho decreto consagraba una confiscación de la propiedad privada, expresamente vedada en el art. 17 de nuestra Constitución Nacional. La discusión llegó hasta la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación quien en autos “Peralta, Luis A. y otro c. Estado Nacional, Ministerio de Economía – B.C.R.A.” zanjó definitivamente la cuestión al entender que en tiempos de crisis económica y emergencia social no cabe sustraerse de la suerte que corre el país “... aduciendo derechos individuales, nobles en sí mismos, pero no menos nobles que los que interesan a la subsistencia de las instituciones sociales que son precisamente las únicas que puedan asegurar eficazmente la vigencia de aquéllos” (ver. Consid. 59, CSJN, Fallos: 313:1513).

En el caso...

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