IVA sobre intereses por saldo de precio de la venta de acciones
Author | Gabriel Gotlib,Fernando Martín Vaquero |
Date | 28 February 2003 |
Published date | 28 February 2003 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
La venta acciones de una sociedad argentina por parte de su accionista argentina se encuentra exenta del impuesto al valor agregado. En aquellos casos en que parte del precio se pacta en efectivo y el saldo en cuotas con intereses, se plantea el interrogante si esos intereses se encuentran gravados con IVA.
El artículo 10 de la Ley de Impuesto al Valor Agregado (la “Ley”) determina que los intereses percibidos o devengados con motivo de pagos diferidos o fuera de término son integrantes del precio neto gravado –aunque se facturen o convengan por separado– y aun cuando considerados independientemente no se encuentren sometidos al gravamen.
La Ley adopta un criterio de unicidad y considera a la financiación de las operaciones de venta, locación y prestación de servicios como un accesorio al hecho imponible principal. Si la operación principal se encuentra gravada, los intereses del saldo de precio también lo estarán. En cambio, si la operación principal se encuentra exenta o no gravada, los intereses no estarán sujetos al impuesto.
Como la venta de acciones se encuentra exenta de IVA, de acuerdo con esta norma, los intereses del saldo de precio se encontrarían exentos.
Sin embargo, el artículo 10 del decreto reglamentario de la Ley establece que “los intereses originados en la financiación o el pago diferido fuera de término, del precio correspondiente a las ventas, obras, locaciones o prestaciones resultan alcanzados por el impuesto aun cuando las operaciones que dieron lugar a su determinación se encuentran exentas o no gravadas”.
La norma rompe el principio de unicidad establecido por la Ley y consagra la gravabilidad de los intereses sin importar si se originan en operaciones gravadas o no por el impuesto. La aplicación de esta norma implica que los intereses por el saldo de precio de la venta de acciones se encuentren alcanzados por el IVA.
En el Dictamen (DAT) 86/98, el fisco analizó este tema y el caso particular en el que el comprador era un sujeto del exterior por lo que, aun de considerarse válida la norma reglamentaria, se planteaba la duda si la...
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