Nuevo criterio en relación al cálculo de intereses resarcitorios aplicables a tributos aduaneros
Author | Juan Martín Sanz,Juan Pablo Rothschild |
Date | 29 October 2019 |
Published date | 29 October 2019 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
Estas actuaciones se originaron como consecuencia de la apertura de sumario contencioso contra una firma importadora por la presunta infracción al régimen de importación temporaria. En tanto La Mercantil Andina S.A. resultaba ser la compañía aseguradora de esta firma, la Aduana la notificó de los tributos liquidados por la infracción denunciada, debido a que eventualmente podría ser responsable del pago de los mismos.
En el caso, no se hallaba controvertido que la compañía aseguradora debía responder como consecuencia del cumplimiento de las obligaciones emergentes del contrato de seguro. Sin embargo, cuestionó la conversión de los tributos expresados en dólares estadounidenses –derechos de importación e IVA-, al tipo de cambio correspondiente al día anterior del efectivo pago, en tanto a su juicio se estaba transgrediendo la prohibición de actualización o repotenciación de la deuda establecida en las leyes 23.928 y 25.561. Asimismo, cuestionó la adición de intereses resarcitorios sobre esta la suma resultante de la conversión.
En relación al primer punto, la Cámara entendió que la pretendida conversión de moneda extranjera al tipo de cambio histórico en lugar de efectuar esta misma al día anterior del efectivo pago, no solo contrariaba la naturaleza de los tributos aduaneros, ideados como un porcentaje del valor de la mercadería por la que se paga moneda extranjera, sino que también contrariaba el art. 20 de la ley 23.905. La jurisprudencia tiene entendido que la determinación de los tributos aduaneros en dólares estadounidenses y su conversión a pesos al tipo de cambio del día anterior al del efectivo pago no implican necesariamente una repotenciación de la deuda. Si no se procediese tal como lo establece el art. 20 de la ley 23.905, la deuda quedaría licuada por el mero transcurso del tiempo, circunstancia bajo la cual dejaría de ser representativa del respectivo...
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