Nuevo fallo sobre cláusula claims made – Antecedentes contradictorios de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil
Published date | 10 May 2011 |
Author | Pablo S. Cereijido,Lorena Carla Cozzarin |
Date | 10 May 2011 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
Hasta ahora, dos eran los casos paradigmáticos que reflejaban una postura dual de la Cámara de Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil en materia de cláusulas claims made.
El primero de los precedentes fue dictado por la Sala C en los autos “Barral de Keller Sarmiento, Graciela c/Guevara, Juan Antonio y otros s/ Daños y perjuicios”, con fecha 2/5/2006.
En aquella oportunidad, la Sala C concluyó que la cláusula resultaba abusiva a pesar de haber sido aprobada por la Superintendencia de Seguros de la Nación. Para ello, sostuvo que si bien el contrato de seguro se rige principalmente por el principio de autonomía de la voluntad, existen límites que deben respetarse y mantenerse a efectos de que cumpla su función económico-jurídica, cual es la protección del asegurado por hechos generadores de responsabilidad ocurridos durante la vigencia del contrato, independientemente del momento en que el tercero efectúe el reclamo. En esta inteligencia, la Sala C concluyó que la cláusula resultaba ilegal al ampliar inequitativamente los derechos del asegurador y restringir los del asegurado, en violación a lo dispuesto en los artículos 109 y 158 de la Ley de Seguros y 37 incisos a) y b) de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor.
El 13/3/2007, la Sala C varió su anterior postura, al fallar en los autos “Furtado, Néstor G. c/ Edesur S.A.”. Aquí la Sala C arribó a una solución diferente y admitió la validez de las cláusulas claims made con fundamento en los distintos elementos fácticos y jurídicos del caso que lo diferenciaban de su anterior precedente, en especial, que se trataba de un seguro contratado por una sociedad comercial de envergadura. La Sala sostuvo que en el contrato de seguro debe regir –en toda su extensión– el imperio del artículo 1197 del Código Civil de la Nación, máxime cuando la asegurada es una sociedad comercial, de indudable y notoria importancia que pudo contar con asesoramiento letrado previo a la celebración del contrato de seguro. Ello así, no podía la asegurada...
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