Protective Costs Orders Approved By The House Of Lords
Protective Costs Orders are something of a constitutional
novelty, and the principles that govern their award, their ambit
and even their very existence have been controversial. However the
House of Lords have recently implicitly approved their status
– and they may be available even where the
applicant has a private interest in the outcome.
Public Interest v Private Interest - MO(Nigeria) Part II
It is a notorious fact that extensive litigation is generally a
privilege extended to the rich or the penurious, but likely to be
beyond the means of the public at large. The introduction of
Conditional Fee Arrangements (CFAs) has gone some way to address
this point, but glaring gaps remain. In particular, even with a CFA
a litigant is at risk of an adverse costs order. Normally of course
the litigant will seek the security of after the event (ATE)
insurance to cover an award against him, but these are provided by
the private sector and they are understandably nervous of extending
cover in either novel situations, test cases or even in areas of
the law in which they are unfamiliar. In judicial review cases, for
example, even the very best cases almost guaranteed success can be
impossible to insure.
In recent years the Courts have taken tentative steps to ensure
that litigation of general importance is not shut out by
prohibitive costs exposure through the introduction of Protective
Costs Orders (PCOs) by the Court of Appeal. In essence these orders
prevent the recovery of costs beyond a certain figure by one of the
parties, allowing the other party to know in advance the maximum
extent of its liability.
The House of Lords recently granted a PCO, the first such move
by the House, in the case of MO (Nigeria) v Secretary of State for
the Home Department [2009] UKHL 25. Duncan Lewis & Co. were the
Appellant's solicitors. The details of the case are not
important for this discussion1, save to note that the
Appellant sought leave to remain and on any reading the Appellant
had not been the author of her own misfortune in the substantive
case, and came to the litigation with 'clean hands'.
She had pursued her appeal all the way to the House of Lords,
acting first in person and then with the assistance of public
funding. However, almost simultaneously with the House of Lords
granting permission to appeal and setting the matter down for a
hearing, MO's spouse obtained a job at a higher salary. The
means of partners being aggregated for legal aid purposes...
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