Recomendaciones contractuales sobre la desaparición de la Tasa Libor en los contratos de financiamiento celebrados en Centroamérica
Published date | 17 October 2022 |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Equipo Regional de Bancario y Financiero
Introducción
En virtud de la descontinuación de la tasa Libor para los plazos a un (1) día, uno (1), tres (3), seis (6) y doce (12) meses, a partir del 30 de junio de 2023, según ha sido comunicado por las autoridades encargadas[1], los bancos y demás instituciones financieras a nivel mundial, han decidido modificar mediante una adenda, la tasa de interés corriente en los contratos de financiamiento, específicamente para introducir una nueva tasa de referencia como alternativa y así eliminar el riesgo legal de que a falta de pacto de situaciones como la presente, aplique el interés legal o cualquier otro interés que establezcan las autoridades competentes en las jurisdicciones respectivas.
A continuación, incluimos una serie de recomendaciones generales para las partes de contratos de financiamiento en las jurisdicciones de Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y Costa Rica.
Guatemala
Modificación de la cláusula de intereses corrientes en los Contratos de Préstamo y sustitución de Pagarés (Sector Privado)
Para modificar los contratos de Préstamo en el sector privado no hace falta más que la concurrencia de voluntad de las partes. Los pagarés deben ser reeemplazados necesariemente si se desea tener seguridad en cuanto a la ejecutabilidad del cobro de los intereses. Para ambos casos se sugiere enviar una solicitud por escrito a los deudores, explicando las razones por las cuales se hace necesaria la modificación y/o sustitución en cuestión. En caso el diálogo se complique, recomendamos comunicar a los deudores que se estarán invocando las cláusulas del contrato de crédito en concreto que permitan darlo por terminado anticipadamente, cuando corresponda. Asímismo, se recomienda incluir en la modificación del contrato, una cláusula de transición para mitigar posibles contingencias futuras en caso que la nueva tasa de referencia deje de ser publicada.
Modificación de la cláusula de intereses corrientes en los Contratos de Préstamo y sustitución de Pagarés (Sector Público)
Para poder modificar los contratos en los cuales Guatemala comparezca como país deudor, no es necesario acudir al organismo legislativo, sino al Ministerio de Finanzas Públicas. Esta autorización solo estará vigente por el año 2022 a menos que el legislador delegue dicha función al Ministerio de Finanzas Públicas nuevamente de forma expresa para el año 2023. Es necesario sin embargo resaltar que a pesar de que la Ley del Presupuesto otorga al Ministerio de Finanzas la facultad de llevar estos procesos, no regula la forma en que esto se debe llevar a cabo. Como consecuencia recomendamos hacer un acercamiento con el Ministerio, ya sea de forma directa o por medio de una consulta de información, para determinar el procedimiento específico que se llevara a nivel interno y poder entonces proceder con las modificaciones correspondientes.
El Salvador
Modificación de la cláusula de intereses corrientes en los Contratos de Préstamo y sustitución de Pagarés (Sector Privado)
La modificación de contratos es permitida por la legislación salvadoreña, para asegurar su ejecución es recomendable que la modificación sea otorgada con las...
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