Estado de la Regulación Fintech en la Región Centroamericana
Published date | 30 September 2022 |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Equipo Regional de Fintech
El ecosistema Fintech de Latino América es muy dinámico y Centro América no es la excepción. De acuerdo al BID en su reciente Informe “Fintech en América Latina y el Caribe”, el ecosistema Fintech de América Latina y el Caribe ha crecido en un 112% desde el 2018 hasta la fecha, siendo éste liderado por Brasil, México, Colombia, Argentina y Chile. La región de Centro América representa únicamente el 6% del total de empresas Fintech en Latino América. Sin embargo, a pesar de que el ecosistema Fintech de Centro América representa un porcentaje pequeño en relación al resto de Latino América, es notorio que la región está siguiendo las tendencias de crecimiento y de los segmentos que predominan, como son los de pagos, préstamos y software financiero. En el presente artículo pretendemos brindar un panorama general del estado de la regulación Fintech en la región Centroamericana con el fin de comprender el ecosistema desde el punto de vista regulatorio. A continuación se presenta una breve descripción del estado de la regulación en cada país.
Guatemala
En Guatemala no existe regulación específica aplicable a Fintech’s, por lo que les aplican todas las obligaciones y requisitos que debe cumplir toda sociedad en el país, especialmente la regulación relativa a la prevención de lavado de dinero u otros activos y para prevenir y erradicar el financiamiento del terrorismo.
En el año 2021 la Superintendencia de Bancos, autoridad a cargo de la vigilancia e inspección de las entidades autorizadas para operar dentro del sistema financiero del país emitió un comunicado en el que informó a la población que en Guatemala la única unidad monetaria era el Quetzal y la única entidad autorizada para emitir billetes y monedas dentro del país, era el Banco de Guatemala, por lo que las monedas virtuales no eran monedas de curso legal en nuestro país.
No obstante, para coadyuvar a las potenciales relaciones entre las Fintech´s y las entidades que conforman el sistema financiero del país, dentro de las cuales se encuentran los bancos, financieras, aseguradoras, afianzadoras, etc, la Superintendencia de Bancos (“SIB”) creó un punto de encuentro denominado “SIB Innovation Hub” mediante el cual se apoya a la capacitación de las Fintech’s respecto de la legislación aplicable a sus negocios.
Honduras
En los últimos años en Honduras se ha experimentado un crecimiento del ecosistema Fintech, en parte, debido a la pandemia. A causa de ello, las autoridades han comenzado a regular ciertos aspectos de estos negocios y a finales del año 2021 el Congreso Nacional aprobó el Decreto No. 83-2021. Mediante dicho decreto se crea un marco legal general para regular la organización, operación y funcionamiento de las personas jurídicas nacionales y extranjeras que presten servicios de pago y transferencias. Adicionalmente, las sociedades que presten estos servicios deben obtener autorización del Banco Central de Honduras (BCH) o inscribirse en el Registro que para tal efecto llevará dicha Institución. Es así que as estas sociedades quedarán bajo la vigilancia del Banco Central de Honduras (BCH) y estarán sujetas a la supervisión de la...
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