La Relación Laboral: ¿Existe Una Tercera Vía?
El denominado sistema de relaciones de trabajo, diferente de aquel de naturaleza civil, desde hace mucho tiempo atrás gira en torno a características muy particulares. Las relaciones de trabajo conducen al reconocimiento de una disciplina especial y distinta en el campo de las ciencias jurídicas; es decir que los componentes tipificadores de las relaciones de trabajo, difieren y se tornan extraordinariamente distintos respecto de otra clase de relaciones que se dan en la sociedad.
Con la insurgencia del constitucionalismo social con la Constitución Weimar y la Constitución Mexicana, las relaciones de trabajo llevaron a que el Estado se preocupe y juegue un papel importante dentro de las garantías que puede otorgar a los trabajadores, es decir que es El Estado el que se ocupa de la protección del trabajador, velando no solamente por su bienestar sino de asegurarle un trabajo digno. Esta es la tendencia que en la actualidad la doctrina reconoce como proteccionismo garantista de parte del Estado hacia el trabajador, que se encuentra en una u otra forma reconocida ampliamente en la mayoría de las legislaciones del mundo.
Sin embargo, a partir de la década de los setenta, con el surgimiento de las crisis económicas, la utilización intensiva de la tecnología y los procesos globalización, dieron lugar a que juntamente con la economía, se piense en nuevas formas de representar la relación de trabajo. Esta nueva forma fue denominada la flexibilización laboral o racionalización productiva, que lo que pretende es la optimización de la relación de trabajo a través de la concurrencia de factores que le restan rigurosidad a la relación de trabajo. Para algunos esta posición no es nada más que un atentado a los derechos de los trabajadores en la perspectiva de desconocer derechos ampliamente garantizados por las Leyes.
Ahora, han surgido nuevas corrientes que tratan de compatibilizar aquella rigidez proteccionista y garantista con la tendencia flexibilizadora, y es lo que bajo el derecho de los países de la Europa nórdica, principalmente en Dinamarca, se acuña un nuevo concepto que es el denominado "Flexseguridad", que de acuerdo con la doctrina estaría conformado por las características de: flexibilidad en la contratación para el traslado o despido, protección en la seguridad social al desempleado; y una política de formación profesional y de recalificación que permita al trabajador una pronta inserción laboral (concepto también denominado trípode o...
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