El Salvador: La discriminación laboral en el marco legal salvadoreño
Published date | 19 September 2022 |
Author | Carlos Rodríguez |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
La igualdad de oportunidades en materia de empleo y ocupación, y la no discriminación, sin duda alguna se han consagrado como un Derecho Laboral Fundamental reconocido desde los Convenios Internacionales de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y en el marco legal de cada país desde su propia Constitución como Ley Primaria. En países como El Salvador en los últimos años, han habido varias reformas legales para regular el tema de manera más específica y también las autoridades laborales han adoptado criterios más vigilantes y fiscalizadores ante conductas que atenten ya sea directa o indirectamente contra este importante derecho, aunque no se puede negar que en la práctica aún es una asignatura pendiente de consolidar.
Desde la Constitución de la República de El Salvador en sus Artículos 2 y 3 se consagra el derecho al trabajo y a la igualdad y no discriminación. El Convenio 111 de la OIT relativo a Discriminación en Materia de Empleo y Ocupación fue ratificado por El Salvador desde 1995, prohíbe enfáticamente cualquier distinción, exclusión o preferencia basada en motivos de raza, color, sexo, religión, opinión política, ascendencia nacional u origen social que tenga por efecto anular o alterar la igualdad de oportunidades o de trato en el empleo y la ocupación; que debe abarcar no solamente las relaciones laborales ya existentes, sino también los procedimientos de selección de personal.
En los últimos años se ha reformado el Código de Trabajo en el apartado de prohibiciones a los empleadores, a efecto de enfatizar expresamente que está prohibido exigir examen para comprobar estado de gravidez, o la prueba de VIH como requisito de contratación, así como realizar por medios directos o indirectos cualquier distinción, exclusión y/o restricción entre los trabajadores, por estas condiciones; por otra parte se incluye como delito en el Código Penal, la discriminación en el trabajo.
Asimismo se han incorporado otras prohibiciones en el Instructivo del Ministerio de Trabajo para la formulación de Reglamentos Internos de Trabajo, cuya inclusión se ha vuelto requisito condicionante para su aprobación y vigencia. Entre estas prohibiciones, varias orientadas a la protección de la mujer trabajadora, están: Ejecutar actos o expresiones que dañen la moral y la dignidad de otras personas; burlarse, desacreditar, degradar o aislar a las mujeres dentro de sus ámbitos de trabajo...
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