Tercerización - Responsabilidad solidaria
Date | 28 February 2006 |
Published date | 28 February 2006 |
Author | Javier E. Patrón |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
El 3 de febrero de 2006 la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo resolvió, a través del fallo plenario 309 dictado en el expediente "Ramírez, Maria Isidora c/ Russo Comunicaciones e Insumos S.A. y otro s/ despido", que es aplicable el artículo 705 del Código Civil a la responsabilidad del artículo 30 Ley de Contrato de Trabajo.
¿Qué significa esto? Que los trabajadores de empresas contratistas o subcontratistas podrán exigir el pago de sus créditos por entero a su empleador, y además a todos los responsables solidarios conjuntamente (las empresas usuarias), o se lo pueden exigir a cualquiera de ellos y en el supuesto que se haya reclamado el todo contra uno de los deudores y resultase insolvente, puede reclamarlo contra los demás (conf. el artículo 705 del Código Civil).
Por su parte, el artículo 30 de la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo establece (sin entrar en el análisis en detalle de esta norma que tantas interpretaciones ha generado) la responsabilidad solidaria entre la empresa usuaria de los servicios y los contratistas, en los casos de contratación de trabajos o servicios de la actividad propia y específica de los establecimientos principales.
Hasta el dictado del fallo plenario, las diversas salas de la Cámara Laboral tenían posturas disímiles con relación a la posibilidad de que los trabajadores ejercieran una acción directa contra el responsable solidario cuando no se demandaba al obligado principal.
Una de las posturas sostenía que para hacer efectiva la procedencia de la responsabilidad solidaria establecida en el artículo 30 de la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo era necesario que se demande al obligado principal (el empleador) ya que la solidaridad establecida en la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo es distinta e incompatible con la establecida en el Código Civil.
Otro criterio sostenía que para la procedencia de la responsabilidad solidaria es indiferente que se demande al obligado principal (empleador) dado que son de aplicación los principios establecidos en el artículo 705 del Código Civil que establece que el acreedor puede reclamar el cumplimiento de la obligación a todos o cualquiera de los obligados al...
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