Patchworkfamilie
Im Erbfall kann es zu unerwünschten Resultaten führen, wenn sich unter den Erben Kinder aus verschiedenen Ehen befinden. Dies kann zum Teil durch geeignete Dispositionen korrigiert werden.
Aus der breit genutzten Möglichkeit, eine gültig geschlossene Ehe scheiden zu lassen, ist ein soziales Phänomen erwachsen; die Patchworkfamilie. Partner finden neu zusammen und bringen ihre Kinder aus früheren Ehen oder Lebensgemeinschaften in die neue Beziehung ein. Anhand der beispielhaften Familie Meier wird hier dargelegt, wie ehe- und erbrechtliche Aspekte zusammenspielen und wo das Gesetz Dispositionsmöglichkeiten vorsieht, den Ehegatten und/oder die Kinder aus erster oder zweiter Ehe zu begünstigen.
Eine ausführliche Darstellung finden Sie auf unserer Webseite unter www.blumgrob.ch in der Rubrik Publikationen. Hier eine kurze Zusammenfassung unseres illustrativen Fallbeispiels:
Herr und Frau Meier sind zum zweiten Mal verheiratet und haben ein gemeinsames Kind Lisa. Für ihre Nachlassplanung ist dies von Bedeutung, weil das Ehegüter- als auch das Erbrecht die Möglichkeit der Ehegatten, Dispositionen für die Zeit nach ihrem Ableben zu treffen, beschränkt. Herr Meier bringt aus erster Ehe zwei Kinder mit.
Weil die Ehegatten Meier keinen Ehevertrag schlossen, gilt für sie der Güterstand der Errungenschaftsbeteiligung. Unerwartet verstirbt Herr Meier. Da er seinen Nachlass nicht geplant hat, gilt die gesetzliche Regelung, die im Folgenden dargestellt wird.
Gesetzliche Regelung
Der Tod von Herrn Meier beendigt die Ehe, weshalb in einem ersten Schritt die güterrechtliche Auseinandersetzung vorzunehmen ist: Frau Meier erhält die Hälfte der Er- rungenschaft. Zum Nachlass gehören demgemäss die andere Hälfte der Errungenschaft sowie das Eigengut, also das Vermögen, das Herr Meier in die Ehe einbrachte oder ihm während der Ehe unentgeltlich zufloss.
Mit dem Resultat der güterrechtlichen Auseinandersetzung ist Frau Meier aber noch nicht bedient. Es ist nun die Aufgabe des Erbrechts zu regeln, wer das Nachlassvermögen von Herrn Meier zu welchen Teilen erhalten soll. Die nächsten Erben von Herrn Meier sind seine Nachkommen. Die Kinder erben zu gleichen Teilen. Frau Meier als Witwe erhält die Hälfte des Nachlasses, den sie mit den Nachkommen von Herrn Meier zu teilen hat.
Dispositionsmöglichkeiten
Ohne Planung kann keine zusätzliche Begünstigung eines der Kinder und / oder des überlebenden Ehegatten erreicht...
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