Acciones de clase: la Corte Suprema falla a favor de las asociaciones de consumidores
Author | Alejo Martín Gascón,Leandro M. Castelli |
Published date | 30 September 2013 |
Date | 30 September 2013 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
El 21 de agosto de 2013 la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación (“CSJN”) revocó la sentencia de la Cámara Nacional en lo Civil, Sala “D” que había hecho lugar a la excepción de falta de legitimación activa opuesta por la demandada en los autos “PADEC c/ Swiss Medical S.A s/ nulidad de cláusulas contractuales”.
En el fallo, la CSJN estableció que la asociación actora tiene legitimación suficiente para entablar la acción colectiva que persigue la declaración de ineficacia de determinadas cláusulas del contrato de adhesión que había suscripto la demandada con sus afiliados. Luego de que algunas de las cláusulas cuestionadas en la demanda fueran tenidas por no convenidas en los términos del artículo 37 de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor por resoluciones de la Secretaría de la Competencia, la Desregulación y de Defensa del Consumidor, la pretensión quedó limitada a la supresión de los aumentos ya dispuestos en virtud de la cláusula que habilitaba a la demandada a modificar unilateralmente el valor de las cuotas mensuales y la declaración de ineficacia de la misma.
Una vez más, la CSJN encaró la cuestión desde la categorización de derechos reconocidos por la Constitución y reiteró que se deben delimitar con precisión tres tipos de derechos siguiendo al criterio del fallo “Halabi”: (i) individuales; (ii) de incidencia colectiva que tienen por objeto bienes colectivos; y (iii) de incidencia colectiva referentes a intereses individuales homogéneos ya sean estos personales o patrimoniales (ver “Acciones de clase: importante fallo de la Corte” publicado en Marval News # 81). De esta manera, entendió que en esta última categoría de derechos puede no haber un bien colectivo...
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