Aprobación del Acuerdo de Escazú: ¿Qué sigue ahora?
Published date | 14 October 2022 |
Law Firm | Dentons, Cardenas & Cardenas |
El Acuerdo Regional sobre el Acceso a la Información, la Participación Pública y el Acceso a la Justicia en Asuntos Ambientales (“Acuerdo de Escazú” o el “Acuerdo”) finalmente fue aprobado el pasado lunes 10 de octubre por el Congreso de la República (el “Congreso”).
El Acuerdo establece disposiciones para garantizar la implementación plena y efectiva en América Latina y el Caribe de los derechos de: (i) acceso a la información ambiental, (ii) participación pública en procesos de toma de decisiones ambientales y, (iii) acceso a la justicia.
En Colombia, el proceso de ratificación de un tratado internacional implica la aprobación del Congreso, la sanción presidencial y el control de constitucionalidad previo, automático e integral por parte de la Corte Constitucional. En este sentido, para que el Acuerdo de Escazú sea ratificado y entre en vigor, la Corte Constitucional debe declarar la constitucionalidad de la totalidad del texto, debido a que este no admite reservas.
Ahora bien, una vez ratificado y en vigor, el Acuerdo no es autoejecutable, su implementación exige un desarrollo legislativo mediante el cual se modifiquen diversos aspectos de la normativa ambiental vigente. Además, debido a que el Acuerdo de Escazú contiene disposiciones que regulan derechos fundamentales, la respectiva ejecución se debe hacer por medio de leyes estatutarias, lo cual puede implicar un reto para su implementación al requerir la aprobación de la mayoría absoluta del Congreso.
Por último, dentro de los cambios legislativos que puede implicar el Acuerdo, se debe hacer especial énfasis en los siguientes:
- Publicidad de medidas preventivas y procesos sancionatorios ambientales:
El Acuerdo puede implicar garantizar la publicidad de los autos administrativos mediante los cuales se impongan medidas preventivas y se adopten decisiones en el marco de procesos sancionatorios ambientales.
- Publicidad de los requerimientos de las autoridades ambientales:
El Acuerdo puede requerir modificar las normas aplicables, para garantizar la publicidad de los requerimientos...
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