Aspectos regulatorios sobre el VIH/SIDA en El Salvador y la Región
Published date | 01 December 2022 |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Escrito por: Maria Alejandra Tulipano y Natalia Paniagua
Igualdad ya. Ese es el eslogan que la ONUSIDA ha utilizado para el Día Mundial del SIDA del 2022, que se celebra el 1 de Diciembre de cada año. Hace 41 años, el 1 de Diciembre de 1981 fue diagnosticado el primer caso de SIDA. Desde ese entonces, 25 millones de personas han muerto como consecuencia de afectaciones a la salud por VIH/ SIDA, siendo esta enfermedad una de las epidemias más mortales de la historia. Además, de acuerdo con las estadísticas de la ONUSIDA, en el 2021 alrededor de 38,4 millones de personas alrededor del mundo vivían con VIH.
Es por eso, que Gobiernos, Organizaciones Internacionales y Caridades de todo el mundo han tomado acción para realizar campañas de prevención y concientización para evitar contraer el virus del VIH, que de no tratarse a tiempo puede desarrollarse en SIDA y ocasionar daños graves al sistema inmunitario. Debido a tan alarmante situación, los Gobiernos han implementado políticas y legislación para combatir a la mortal enfermedad.
A nivel internacional el marco jurídico acerca del VIH y sida en el mundo del trabajo, destaca la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos de 1948, la cual reconoce, tutela y garantiza los derechos fundamentales de todas las personas, el Repertorio de Recomendaciones Prácticas, la Recomendación 200 de la OIT, el Convenio sobre los Derechos Sociales y Culturales, y el Convenio sobre Derechos Civiles y Políticos. Por su parte el convenio No 111, sobre la discriminación (Empleo y Ocupación),1858, OIT, en su artículo 1, inciso 1, plantea que: “el término discriminación comprende: a) cualquier distinción, exclusión o preferencia basada en motivos de raza, color, sexo, religión, opinión política, ascendencia nacional u origen social que tenga por efecto anular o alterar la igualdad de oportunidades o de trato en el empleo y la ocupación; b) cualquier otra distinción, exclusión o preferencia que tenga por efecto anular o alterar la igualdad de oportunidades o de trato en el empleo u ocupación, que podrá ser especificada por el miembro interesado, previa consulta con las organizaciones representativas de empleadores y de trabajadores, cuando dichas organizaciones existan y con otros organismos apropiados”. El convenio 111, inciso 2, artículo 2 expresa lo siguiente: “Todo miembro para el cual este convenio se halle en vigor se obliga a formular y llevar a cabo una política nacional que promueva, por métodos adecuados las condiciones en la práctica nacional, para la igualdad de oportunidades y de trato en materia de empleo y ocupación, con el objeto de eliminar cualquier discriminación a éste respecto”. La temática sobre VIH y sida en el mundo del trabajo se rige por la adopción de la Norma Internacional “Recomendación núm. 200, sobre VIH y sida y el mundo del trabajo” la que constituye un compromiso inequívoco de los mandantes de la OIT (los estados miembros y los representantes de los empleadores y trabajadores), en estrecha colaboración con las asociaciones de personas que viven con VIH y las organizaciones nacionales e internacionales que actúan como socias, aprovechando la inmensa contribución que el mundo del trabajo puede aportar para garantizar el acceso universal a los servicios de prevención, tratamiento, atención, cuidado y apoyo. A su vez se fundamenta en el Repertorio de...
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