Billeteras electrónicas en Guatemala
Published date | 16 August 2022 |
Author | Melissa Morán |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Las billeteras electrónicas o e-wallets son definidas como una herramienta tecnológica por medio de la cual se pueden conservar y transferir divisas en una plataforma virtual a la que se accede por medio de una aplicación o página web. Las divisas que se almacenan en una billetera electrónica típicamente pueden ser cargadas por medio de tarjetas de crédito o débito o por medio de pagos en efectivo a una cuenta bancaria centralizadora u otro comercio autorizado.
Las billeteras electrónicas han cobrado auge debido a que facilitan el ejercicio del comercio electrónico, permitiendo agilizar los procedimientos de pago y reducir los costos de transferencia para los comercios y usuarios afiliados a las mismas, causando así una proliferación de entidades dedicadas a ofrecer servicios de billetera electrónica en todo el mundo.
Particularmente en América Latina, este segmento de servicios financieros y tecnológicos (FinTech), ha tenido un crecimiento anual promedio del 36% desde 2017, siendo la actividad Fintech con mayor crecimiento en la región[1].
Regulación FineTch en Guatemala:
En Guatemala, a la fecha, no existe una regulación específica para las FinTech, por lo que las entidades dedicadas a estos servicios están sujetas a la normativa aplicable a toda sociedad mercantil en Guatemala, es decir, deben cumplir con la normativa relativa a protección al consumidor, obligaciones tributarias, civiles y mercantiles y contra el lavado de dinero u otros activos.
En 2019 la Superintendencia de Bancos presentó la plataforma de SIB Innovation Hub[2], con el objetivo de fortalecer la relación entre la Superintendencia de Bancos y las entidades que prestan servicios Fintech. El SIB Innovation Hub ofrece asesorías sobre temas de legislación financiera y lavado de dinero u otros activos y/o financiamiento del terrorismo, que puedan ser de utilidad a las FinTech, y simultáneamente estudia el entorno de las Fintech en Guatemala y los riesgos asociados a sus actividades. Cabe resaltar que dicha interacción no es obligatoria, y la SIB no autoriza el funcionamiento de las entidades Fintech.
Normativa aplicable a billeteras electrónicas:
Como se indicó anteriormente, en Guatemala la normativa que rige el sistema financiero no contempla expresamente a las entidades FinTech, dentro de las que se encuentran las que prestan servicios de billetera electrónica; no obstante, es importante considerar los temas regulatorios siguientes:
Normativa contra el Lavado de Dinero y...
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