California Supreme Court Limits Utility Of Arbitration Agreements For PAGA Claims

• Published date: 24 July 2023
• Subject Matter: Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration, Arbitration & Dispute Resolution
• Law Firm: Perkins Coie LLP
• Author: Ms Heather M. Sager, Jill L. Ripke, Matthew L. Goldberg and Brittany A. Sachs

California's Private Attorneys General Act (PAGA) authorizes current and former employees to bring a representative action for civil penalties on behalf of the state against an employer for Labor Code violations committed against the employee and other current and former employees. Questions regarding the application of class action waivers and arbitration agreements to PAGA claims have remained a source of litigation for years.

In 2014, in Iskanian v. CLS Transp. L.A., LLC, 59 Cal. 4th 348 (2014), the California Supreme Court held that employers cannot enter predispute agreements with employees that purport to waive PAGA claims. Iskanian has also been cited for the proposition that employers cannot use arbitration agreements to require employees to split PAGA claims into individual and nonindividual components.

Viking River Cruises

In June 2022, in Viking River Cruises, Inc. v. Moriana, 142 S. Ct. 1906 (2022) (discussed in detail here), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Federal Arbitration Act preempts Iskanian to the extent that it precludes division of a PAGA action, by virtue of an arbitration agreement, into individual and nonindividual claims. In Viking River, the Court also found that because the plaintiff's individual claims should proceed in arbitration, PAGA did not authorize standing for the nonindividual claims to remain in court. According to the Supreme Court, the "correct course" was to dismiss the nonindividual claims.

Following Viking River, employers and employees have continued to litigate the Supreme Court's holding, and specifically, whether a court should dismiss representative PAGA claims when an arbitration agreement requires arbitration of individual PAGA claims.

Adolph v. Uber Technologies, Inc.

On July 17, 2023, the California Supreme Court, in Adolph v. Uber Technologies, Inc., addressed the standing question and deviated from the Supreme Court's decision in Viking River. Specifically, the California...