Los cambios en la zonificación y/o usos compatibles de los negocios producto de la emisión de ordenanzas municipales.
Published date | 13 July 2022 |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
Author | Rubén Quevedo |
- Introducción
Debido a la emisión de Ordenanzas municipales que cambian la zonificación y/o los usos compatibles, para preservar en algunos casos el patrimonio histórico de la ciudad o zonas monumentales en dónde actualmente funcionan una serie de negocios de toda índole, resulta relevante mencionar si es que a través de estas normas se está afectando de alguna manera el derecho constitucional a la libre iniciativa privada, puesto que, en virtud de estas Ordenanzas los negocios podrían dejar de funcionar, y estarían contraviniendo los actuales usos de dichas zonas. Mediante este artículo se hace un análisis al efecto real que tienen las ordenanzas municipales que cambian las zonificaciones y/o los usos compatibles de los negocios que se encuentran, por ejemplo, cerca de los Centros Históricos o zonas monumentales.
- Requerimientos municipales para el funcionamiento de los negocios actualmente
Para el correcto funcionamiento de un local comercial, industrial y/o de prestación de servicios, es necesario contar con una Licencia de Funcionamiento (en adelante “LF), la cual, deberá estar respaldada por un Certificado de Inspección Técnica de Seguridad (en adelante “ITSE”), es así como, la Ley N° 28976 y su Texto Único Ordenado aprobado por el Decreto Supremo N° 163-2020-PCM, estipulan que la Licencia de Funcionamiento es la autorización que otorga la Municipalidad para que una persona natural o jurídica pueda iniciar sus actividades en su negocio de comercio, industria o servicios, es de carácter indefinido.
Por otro lado, el Certificado ITSE se encuentra regulado en el Reglamento de Inspecciones Técnicas de Seguridad en Edificaciones, aprobado por el Decreto Supremo N° 002-2018-PCM, el cual estipula que es un documento en el cual consta que el establecimiento objeto de inspección cumple con las condiciones de seguridad, el cual tiene una vigencia de dos años, a partir de su expedición, tanto en el caso en que la inspección se realiza de manera posterior al otorgamiento de la licencia de funcionamiento, como en el caso en que, por tratarse de casos de riesgo alto y muy alto, se le requiere como requisito previo para otorgar la licencia de funcionamiento. Tiene por finalidad garantizar la prestación de los servicios al público bajo los estándares de calidad, así como salvaguardar la vida de las personas que habitan, concurren y laboran en un lugar determinado.
La finalidad última del ITSE es la de proteger la vida de las personas, es por ello por lo que deben adoptarse las condiciones de seguridad necesarias para controlar los riesgos vinculados con la actividad que se desarrolla en cada establecimiento.
Los mencionados instrumentos, guardan estrecha relación con los usos compatibles, de acuerdo con la zonificación que le asignen a cada lugar. Dicha zonificación se encuentra regulada en el Plan de Desarrollo Urbano (en adelante “PDU”), instrumento técnico-normativo que orienta el desarrollo urbano de cada ciudad, con población entre 20,000 a 500,000 personas) o en...
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