“Clima para la Inversión”
Published date | 11 September 2020 |
Author | Arturo Ruiz |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
“La noción de “clima de inversión” de una economía implica la generación de un ambiente que incentive el desarrollo de todo tipo de negocios, condición necesaria para generar mayor actividad, mayor empleo y, finalmente, un incremento en los ingresos y en la calidad de vida de los habitantes de un país. El clima de inversión es vital para decisiones de apertura de negocios, de ubicación de centros de producción, para evaluar la expansión de la actividad productiva, de generación de puestos de trabajo y, en general, cuanto proyecto empresarial evalúe el sector privado.”[1]
La reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional que resolvió el “Caso de la ley que suspende el cobro de peajes”[2], reafirma la vigencia del Modelo Económico de la Constitución y, en ese sentido, contribuye a mejorar el clima para la inversión privada. No obstante, como veremos más adelante, tanto las decisiones de los órganos jurisdiccionales como el marco normativo vigente en materia de inversión privada deviene insuficiente para recuperar los niveles de inversión alcanzados hasta el 2014.
A partir de una somera revisión de la citada Sentencia pretendemos destacar la importancia de contar con un adecuado clima para el desarrollo de la inversión privada en general, pero especialmente aquella que, en colaboración con el Sector Público, tiene por objeto el cumplimiento de fines y cometidos estatales.
Así, en primer lugar, la Sentencia reitera la vigencia de los principios orientadores de la economía social de mercado:
- la actuación subsidiaria del Estado en materia empresarial, siendo necesario para que desarrolle actividad empresarial una ley expresa que lo autorice, “sustentada en razón de alto interés público o de manifiesta conveniencia nacional”, conforme lo establece el artículo 60 de la Constitución.
- actuación del Estado de manera prioritaria en las áreas de promoción de empleo, salud, educación, seguridad, servicios públicos e infraestructura, de acuerdo con lo dispuesto por el artículo 58 de la Constitución.
- libre iniciativa privada, prevista en el artículo 58 de la Constitución y que tiene como fundamento, además, el derecho de toda persona a participar, de manera individual o asociada, en el ámbito económico, conforme lo reconoce el inciso 17 del artículo 2 de la Constitución.
A través de la citada Sentencia, el Tribunal Constitucional reconoce que para el logro de sus fines el Estado puede actuar de manera directa o con la colaboración del sector...
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