Se confirmó la libertad de disposición del 70% de las divisas de exportaciones
Author | Ricardo W. Beller |
Published date | 31 March 2003 |
Date | 31 March 2003 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
En un intento de resolver la crisis económica y social sufrida por la Argentina, varias leyes y normas de emergencia fueron promulgadas a partir de diciembre de 2001. Mediante la ley de Emergencia Económica Nº 25.561, la paridad 1 a 1 del peso con el dólar estadounidense fue derogada, lo cual resultó en una devaluación de más del 300%. Se dictaron varias normas de control de cambios, incluyendo la restricción de transferencias al exterior y la obligación de repatriar las divisas provenientes de exportaciones (para obtener más información sobre este tema, consultar “Restricciones Bancarias en la Argentina – El Corralito” en Marval News Edición # 3 del mes de diciembre de 2001).
El Decreto Nº 1589/89 fue uno de los pilares legislativos en los que se basó la privatización de las áreas hidrocarburíferas. El decreto estableció la libre disponibilidad del 70% de las divisas provenientes de las exportaciones de hidrocarburos. A esa fecha existían restricciones cambiarias. Con lo cual esta libre disponibilidad constituía un incentivo importante para fomentar la participación en las licitaciones de las áreas hidrocarburíferas que serían vendidas durante los años siguientes como resultado de la desregulación y privatización de la industria hidrocarburífera en Argentina. Cabe destacar que el Decreto Nº 1589/89 no se aplica a todas las concesiones otorgadas. Existen varias concesiones que fueron otorgadas bajo leyes y regulaciones diferentes, como es el caso por ejemplo de ciertas concesiones antiguas otorgadas bajo el Código de Minería de 1886.
Las restricciones a las transferencias de fondos al exterior fueron derogadas en 1991 por el Decreto Nº 530/91. Dado que a partir de ese momento no existirían restricciones a las transferencias, la libre disponibilidad de fondos que disponía el Decreto Nº 1589/89 se volvió irrelevante.
A partir de diciembre de 2001 se implementaron las restricciones a las transferencias de fondos al exterior y la obligación de repatriación de las divisas procedentes de exportaciones mencionadas precedentemente. Entre otras medidas, el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional dictó el Decreto Nº 1606/01 derogando el Decreto Nº 530/91, y el Decreto Nº 1638/01 que establecía que no estaban...
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