Guatemala: Convención Interamericana sobre Poderes Legales en el Extranjero y su Aplicación en el país.
Published date | 27 January 2023 |
Author | Rafael Alvarado |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
De manera frecuente, en nuestra práctica profesional, se nos ponen a la vista poderes otorgados en el extranjero, y hay que tener presente que como Notarios, tenemos que hacer constar que la representación legal que se ejerce mediante dicho poder es suficiente conforme a la ley y a nuestro juicio para el acto o contrato que se otorgará ante nuestros oficios (artículo 29 numeral 5 del Código de Notariado).
De acuerdo con el artículo 29 de la Ley del Organismo Judicial, los mandatos otorgados en el extranjero, para ser ejercidos en Guatemala, se deben otorgar de conformidad con las formalidades externas del lugar en donde el mandato es otorgado, pero en cuanto a su objeto y contenido, el mandato se rige por las leyes de Guatemala (artículo 1700 del Código Civil). Además, el mandato debe apostillarse, protocolizarse ante Notario en Guatemala y registrarse en el Registro de Poderes del Archivo General de Protocolos del Organismo Judicial.
Ahora bien, si el poder se otorga en un país que es parte de la Convención Interamericana sobre Régimen Legal de Poderes para ser utilizados en el Extranjero, deben observarse los requisitos establecidos en dicha Convención.
Hasta este momento, entendemos que son parte de la referida Convención, los siguientes países: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela.
Por lo tanto, si recibimos un poder que haya sido otorgado en alguno de dichos países, debemos verificar que en el otorgamiento del mismo se hayan cumplido los requisitos establecidos en la referida Convención.
Los requisitos más relevantes son los siguientes:
- Las formalidades y solemnidades relativas al otorgamiento de poderes, que hayan de ser utilizados en el extranjero, se sujetarán a las leyes del Estado donde se otorguen, a menos que el otorgante prefiera sujetarse a la ley del Estado en que hayan de ejercerse. En todo caso, si la ley de este último exigiere solemnidades esenciales para la validez del poder, regirá dicha ley (como lo sería el requisito del artículo 1687 del Código Civil, que indica que el mandato debe constar en escritura pública como requisito esencial para su existencia). (Artículo 2).
- Cuando en el Estado en que se otorga el poder es desconocida la solemnidad especial que se requiere conforme a la ley del Estado en que haya de...
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