CPO – Gentrification Or Regeneration?

The recent refusal by the Secretary of State to confirm Southwark Council's CPO for the next phase of the Aylesbury Estate development demonstrates a meticulous adherence to parts of the CPO Guidance which have largely been paid lip-service to in many previous CPO decisions.

The mantra that a compulsory purchase order should only be made in the "public interest" is often justified by the inevitable regenerative benefits of development projects.

And that should be good enough, should it not? - when not a day goes by that the news is reminding us of our housing crisis, that our town centres are failing, of the social divides which exist within our local communities and, as we wait with bated breath, to see what long-term impacts Brexit will have on construction, funding and development, once that axe is finally swung.

Indeed, both the Secretary of State and Inspector agreed that the redevelopment of the Aylesbury Estate would provide social and economic benefits to the area. However, it was concluded that these benefits were not so significant to justify the lawful interference with the Human Rights of those objecting to the Order. This was largely based on the conclusion that existing leaseholders, without investing significant savings or taking out new mortgages, would not be able to afford to relocate into new properties provided by the redevelopment and therefore forced to move away from their local community. He also reached the conclusion that not enough effort had been made to acquire the outstanding interests by agreement.

The decision raises some real issues for the CPO industry. It paints an uncomfortable picture of CPO being a tool of gentrification, driving residents and small businesses out of their communities on account of rising land values and rents; the polar opposite of what a CPO is intended to achieve, which should be to improve and restore vitality to a local area.

It also creates a real tension with the current reforms to CPO compensation, which essentially seeks to ensure that those subject to compulsory acquisition should not gain any benefit from any enhanced value created by the regeneration scheme underlying a CPO.

It raises the question of whether Council's should wrestle back control from developers when seeking to engage with those affected by CPO. Most CPOs are developer-led and...