¿Deben controlarse las integraciones entre conglomerados?
Published date | 23 October 2023 |
Law Firm | Ibarra Rimón |
Las integraciones entre conglomerados, que son aquellas operaciones que se realizan entre empresas que participan en diferentes mercados y que no compiten entre sí, no están sujetas a control previo por parte de las autoridades de competencia.
La OCDE sostiene que los conglomerados mejoran la eficiencia porque permiten combinar recursos y conocimientos y reducen el riesgo de pérdidas, toda vez que, si unas empresas del grupo registran déficits, otras pueden presentar superávit, con lo que se compensa la situación
Sin embargo, se ha planteado que esta figura pueda ocasionar efectos adversos en la competencia, por ejemplo, propiciar ventas atadas de productos complementarios del conglomerado, aumentos simultáneos en los precios de los bienes y servicios que producen y prestan las empresas del grupo y la concentración agregada que conduce a que unas pocas empresas controlen la mayoría de los diferentes mercados en los que participan.
Inquietudes como las anteriores llevaron a que, en Israel, la Ley para la Promoción de la Competencia y Reducción de Concentración de 2013, estableciera una serie de cargas y restricciones a los conglomerados.
Así, se obligó a las entidades públicas, a considerar el nivel de concentración agregada de los conglomerados, al momento de adjudicar un contrato estatal.
También dispuso la ley que solo podrían cotizar en bolsa, dos empresas, como máximo, por cada agrupación y buscó limitar el control piramidal de los conglomerados, para lo cual exigió separar las compañías que prestaban servicios financieros del resto de sociedades del grupo correspondiente.
En Chile, la Corporación Nacional de Consumidores y Usuarios de ese país (CONADECUS) ha propuesto la adopción de regulaciones similares a la de Israel.
Según esa asociación, las empresas controlantes de los conglomerados pueden otorgar beneficios financieros a los agentes de su grupo, y negar créditos a las empresas rivales o proporcionárselos en condiciones menos favorables que a sus...
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