El difícil tema del fuero de atracción
Published date | 05 September 2022 |
Author | Gabriel Ibarra |
Law Firm | Ibarra Rimón |
El asunto relativo acerca de quién debe ser el órgano competente para resolver un litigio en el que una entidad pública ha sido demandada por incurrir en actos de competencia desleal, utilización indebida de nombre comercial o infracción marcaria, está lejos de ser pacífico.
La polémica gira en torno de si estas controversias deben ser conocidas por la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (SIC) en el ejercicio de sus funciones jurisdiccionales como juez civil o por la jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo.
El debate cobró especial importancia en el año 2019 cuando se presentó una demanda, ante el Consejo de Estado, que pretendía que se declarara que una empresa del sector del mercado asegurador, controlada por el estado, había utilizado indebidamente el nombre comercial de la accionante.
Sin embargo, el Alto Tribunal Administrativo consideró que no era competente para conocer de este litigio por cuanto se trataba de una controversia relativa a la responsabilidad de entidades financieras, materia que estaba expresamente excluida de su competencia por el artículo 105 del Cpaca y porque, además, se trataba de una atribución expresamente asignada a la SIC por el artículo 24 del CGP, que le otorga a la Superintendencia la competencia para conocer de los procesos de infracción de propiedad industrial.
En idéntico sentido se pronunció la Corte Constitucional cuando un juzgado administrativo de Tunja decidió que no era competente para conocer una demanda presentada por la Orquesta Guayacán en contra del Municipio de Chiquinquirá, el Instituto del Deporte, la Cultura y la Recreación y la Fundación de Formación y
Apoyo Musical de Colombia, porque los demandados habrían utilizado su marca para promocionar un evento para el cual la orquesta no fue contratada.
Manifestó el juzgado que no tenía competencia porque no bastaba con que una de las partes fuera una entidad pública, sino que para que el litigio fuera competencia de la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa, la controversia debía versar sobre un tema de derecho administrativo y en el caso sub judice las...
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