La Ex. Corte Suprema ordena restituir fondos sustraidos desde Banco por fraude informático
Published date | 25 June 2018 |
Author | Andres Pumarino |
La Corte Suprema acogió un recurso de protección de un cliente de un banco y ordenó a la entidad financiera devolver los fondos que fueron sustraídos de su cuenta corriente por fraude informático.
En fallo unánime (rol 2.196-2018), la Tercera Sal del máximo tribunal –integrada por los ministros Sergio Muñoz, María Eugenia Sandoval, Carlos Aránguiz, Manuel Antonio Valderrama y Arturo Prado- consideró arbitraria la decisión del banco Itau de no devolver los fondos sutraídos.
“Ante un fraude informático en el uso de las claves de una cuenta corriente y productos asociados a ellas no resulta posible sostener que los dineros sustraídos, sin el consentimiento del cliente, como ocurre en autos, corresponda a caudales específicos de éste, toda vez que los depósitos de dinero en las entidades financieras se realizan como un simple género y en caso alguno como especies o cuerpos ciertos, a lo que debe sumarse el carácter de bienes fungibles que en su esencia representan las especies monetarias empleadas para la satisfacción de lo debido, conforme dispone el artículo 575 del Código Civil, esto es, dotadas de igual poder liberatorio, y por cuya razón pueden reemplazarse unas a otras mutua o recíprocamente en la ejecución de las obligaciones sin perjuicio ni reclamo del acreedor (Carlos Ducci Claro, Derecho Civil, Parte General, Editorial Jurídica de Chile, 1980)”, dice el fallo.
Agrega que: “Aun cuando el fraude informático se haya ejecutado mediante el uso irregular de los datos y claves bancarias personales del recurrente de autos, no resulta posible soslayar que lo sustraído es dinero, bien fungible que se confunde con otros de igual poder liberatorio, con lo que resulta no sólo jurídica sino físicamente imposible sostener y menos acreditar la exacta identidad de las especies...
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