Facebook Coin/Libra : Cryptomonnaie ou crypto-actif ?
Le projet de création par Facebook de Libra, monnaie numérique opérée sur une blockchain soulève de multiples questions quant à la nature de cette « monnaie », du dispositif opérationnel qui sera mis en place et de sa gouvernance. Hubert de Vauplane apporte de premiers éléments de réponse
Revue de l'article
Cet article est extrait de Revue Banque n°834
Très petites entreprises: les banques sont-elles à la hauteur ?
L'annonce par Facebook, avec ses 2,4 milliards d'utilisateurs, du lancement de Libra [1], avec l'aide et le support de plusieurs autres géants de l'internet, marque-t-elle une nouvelle phase dans le développement de l'ère digitale ? Cet évènement a fait l'objet d'une couverture médiatique sans précédent, à la hauteur de l'utilisation du média social. Entre les thuriféraires, les opposants et les sceptiques, tous pour des raisons diverses, essayons d'analyser sous un angle différent le phénomène et le passer au crible du droit et de la réglementation. Car après tout, si Libra est utilisée demain par un grand nombre de personnes, il est légitime de s'interroger sur sa qualification juridique, afin d'essayer de déterminer si elle s'apparente plus à un assignat, de l'or digitalisé, ou un nouvel actif digital. Car selon le cas, les enjeux macroéconomiques ne seront pas les mêmes.
Le choix du nom, du latin « Libra, ae », qui signifie « balance » ou « contrepoids », mais qui peut aussi signifier « libre » en une forme d'esperanto, est à cet égard significatif : le Libra sera l'outil digital qui libère les foules et les citoyens. Les libérer de quoi ? Cela reste à voir.
Quel est l'objectif du Libra ?
La mission de Libra est de favoriser le développement d'une devise et d'une infrastructure financière mondiale simple, au service de milliards de personnes.
Plus précisément, selon le White Paper (WP), l'objectif du Libra est de « permettre au maximum de personnes d'avoir accès à des services financiers et à des capitaux bon marché ». La première page du site internet de Libra et le WP sont significatifs quant à l'objectif de créer une nouvelle valeur monétaire [2]. Facebook cible en...
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