Un fallo obliga a una empresa a contratar sólo mujeres
Published date | 28 February 2003 |
Date | 28 February 2003 |
Author | Javier E. Patrón |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
La Fundación Mujeres en Igualdad inició una acción de amparo colectiva contra la empresa Freddo S.A. alegando que ésta realiza prácticas discriminatorias contra las mujeres en la selección de personal ya que no contrata personal femenino.
En primera instancia la demanda es rechazada porque: a) la actora no demostró que se hubiesen presentado mujeres a las convocatorias y que hubiesen sido rechazadas por su condición; b) la ley prohibe el desempeño de mujeres en tareas penosas, peligrosas e insalubres; c) la empresa comercial es la que debe determinar su política de empleo; d) la demandada está revirtiendo la tendencia de contar con mayor cantidad de personal masculino.
La Sala H de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil revoca la demanda de primera instancia y condena a la empresa a contratar en el futuro sólo personal femenino.
La Sala expresa en su fallo que uno de los problemas que presentan los actos de discriminación emanados de particulares es la dificultad probatoria y por ello, teniendo en cuenta que la no discriminación es un principio que cuenta con sustento constitucional, la carga probatoria pesa sobre el empleador.
En el presente caso la discrimanción no se encuentra en las normas sino en los hechos, esto es, en la conducta desplegada durante años por la demandada, prefiriendo la contratación de empleados de sexo masculino, en una proporción tan considerable que torna irrazonable el margen de discrecionalidad que cabe concederle al empleador en la selección de su personal.
De la prueba producida en el expediente se constató que en los locales de la empresa los empleados que atendían al público eran de sexo masculino. Asimismo se constató que en las búsquedas de personal publicadas en los diarios se hacía mención a personas de sexo masculino y que la dotación de la empresa era aproximadamente un 95% personal masculino.
Agrega que al limitarse a la mujer, por la sola razón de su sexo, la posibilidad de emplearse en determinadas tareas y condiciones...
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