Guatemala: ¿Cómo elegir a los testigos para un arbitraje?
Published date | 04 May 2023 |
Author | Elías Arriaza |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Es posible que la historia contada por la actora en su demanda sea frontalmente contradictoria con la versión de los hechos afirmada por la demandada. En esos casos, el Tribunal Arbitral tendrá un interés especial en que la prueba aportada le permita descubrir la verdad, es decir, lo que realmente ocurrió.
Para ese efecto, los documentos tales como cartas, correos electrónicos e incluso mensajes trasladados a través de un APP, serán una pieza importante, pues contienen la recolección de lo comunicado entre las partes. Sin embargo, no todos los hechos quedan plasmados en un documento, o bien, puede ser necesario explicar, enfatizar o ampliar su contenido. Para ello, los testigos serán de gran utilidad en consideración a que permiten a los árbitros tener inmediación con quienes participaron en el asunto.
Ahora bien, corresponderá a las partes y sus abogados decidir cuándo es conveniente proponer a cada una de las personas involucradas como testigos o cuándo es mejor prescindir de su declaración. A continuación, algunas ideas para tomar esa importante decisión.
- Debe tener un propósito
Parece obvio, pero la primera regla que debe usarse para conocer si un testimonio agregará valor en el arbitraje es establecer si el testigo puede esclarecer alguno de los puntos controvertidos. Ese punto será el norte de todo el interrogatorio; es decir, el testimonio habrá cumplido con su objetivo únicamente si logró trasladar a los árbitros información valiosa sobre ese asunto en particular.
Es oportuno considerar que no todas las personas involucradas cumplen con este requisito. Es posible que un individuo haya participado, pero de forma circunstancial o indirecta, y por ello su testimonio no suma a la estrategia del caso.
- El testigo debe transmitir credibilidad
Se busca que el testigo declare con seguridad, naturalidad y con un lenguaje corporal adecuado.
Un testigo preso de los nervios, confrontativo y contradictorio provoca incertidumbre en los árbitros sobre la veracidad del testimonio e incluso de la buena fe con la cual deben conducirse las partes dentro del arbitraje.
Las entrevistas a los potenciales testigos previo al arbitraje permitirán conocer si tales dificultades pueden ser superadas o bien, si lo mejor será prescindir del testimonio.
- Evita sorpresas mediante la preparación del interrogatorio y del contrainterrogatorio
Los buenos escritos legales son claros, completos y...
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