Guatemala: ¿El principio iuris tantum llegará al sector bancario?
Published date | 27 July 2020 |
Author | Álvaro Castellanos y Diego Alejos |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
En el año 2002 se produjo la llamada “tercera reforma monetaria y financiera” en Guatemala, que dio lugar a la emisión, entre otras importantes regulaciones, a la Ley de Bancos y Grupos Financieros, (la “Ley”) (Decreto 19-2002 del Congreso), que vino a modernizar el régimen legal en esta materia vigente desde el año 1946.
En el año 2012 se introdujeron las primeras modificaciones a dicha Ley, mediante el decreto 26-2012, buscando fortalecer el régimen regulatorio bancario. No necesariamente podría decirse que ese momento reformativo fuese una “cuarta reforma monetaria y financiera en el país”.
Ahora bien, en el año 2016, el Ministerio de Economía de Guatemala, presentó al Congreso de la República, una iniciativa de reformas a la Ley de Bancos y Grupos Financieros que busca atender algunos criterios bajo Basilea III, que como es bien sabido, es un conjunto de medidas acordadas internacionalmente y que el Comité de Supervisión Bancaria de Basilea desarrolló en respuesta a la crisis financiera de 2007-2009.
El objetivo de dichas medidas es reforzar la regulación, la supervisión y la gestión del riesgo de los bancos.
Quizás el paquete de reformas legislativas propuestas en 2016 y otras que pudieran seguir bajo criterios o estándares de Basilea III, sí pueden acercarse más a una “cuarta reforma monetaria y financiera” dados los alcances de supervisión y control que se buscan implementar, para evitar al grado máximo posible crisis como las anteriormente mencionadas.
Esta iniciativa se identifica como la No. 5157, y a pesar de los años que lleva desde que ingresó formalmente en el Organismo Legislativo, no ha entrado aún a debate parlamentario.
Tiene ya un dictamen favorable de la Comisión de Economía y Comercio Exterior otorgado desde el año 2017, pero desde entonces, según las fuentes legislativas consultadas, no ha tenido mayor movimiento, lo que llama fuertemente la atención dada la importancia de los compromisos internacionales en materia regulatoria bancaria que Guatemala ha adquirido.
Dicho de otra forma, el Congreso de la República no pareciera, hasta ahora, estar muy interesado en apoyar un trabajo al parecer, diligente y oportuno de las autoridades del Organismo Ejecutivo para ir cumpliendo gradualmente con los estándares de Basilea III.
El contenido del proyecto de ley es, como era de esperarse, extenso y busca otorgar capacidades de supervisión...
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