Guatemala: La razonabilidad como parámetro esencial en la observancia del principio de legalidad en materia administrativa por parte del funcionario o empleado público
Published date | 02 June 2022 |
Author | Diana De Mata |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
El contenido del principio de legalidad en materia administrativa
El principio de legalidad en materia administrativa constituye el parámetro normativo y axiológico constitucional más importante dentro del ordenamiento jurídico guatemalteco en virtud del cual, se sustenta, justifica y legitima la existencia del Estado y el ejercicio de su ius imperium. La existencia de este principio refleja la premisa de la teoría constitucional en virtud de la cual se intenta explicar el nacimiento del Estado y la cual establece que “el Estado se encuentra al servicio del individuo y no el individuo al servicio del Estado”.
En la Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, el principio de legalidad en materia administrativa se encuentra contenido, esencialmente, en dos artículos. El artículo 152, que establece que el poder proviene del pueblo y que su ejercicio está sujeto a las limitaciones señaladas por la Constitución y la ley. Y el artículo 154, el cual señala que los funcionarios son depositarios de la autoridad, responsables legalmente por su conducta oficial, sujetos a la ley y jamás superiores a ella.
Respecto a este principio, la Corte de Constitucionalidad ha establecido, en reiterada jurisprudencia, lo siguiente:
“(…) un funcionario público solamente puede realizar lo que una disposición normativa expresa le autoriza a hacer y, le está prohibido, todo lo no explícitamente autorizado (…) lo que significa que la función públicadebe estar debidamente establecida en el régimen de legalidad constitucional. (…).”-Sentencia de fecha 14-09-2016 dentro del expediente 2956-2016.El resaltado es propio-.
“(…) Dentro de esos principios, se encuentra el de legalidad en el ejercicio de la función pública, que implica que tanto las funciones como las atribuciones deben estar contempladas en las leyes, así como que los órganos o los funcionarios a quienes sean asignadas, deban ejercerlas de conformidad con la ley. En concordancia con lo anterior, esta Corte ha manifestado en reiterados fallos que conforme el principio de legalidad contenido en el artículo 152 de la Norma Fundamental, el ejercicio del poder, que proviene del pueblo –directa o indirectamente- está sujeto a las limitaciones señaladas en la Constitución Política y en la ley. (…).”- Opinión consultiva de fecha 13-10-2010 dentro del expediente 1628-2010. El resaltado es propio-.
“(…) el principio de legalidad,...
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