Guatemala: Registro de garantías en el derecho migratorio.
Published date | 13 March 2023 |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Escrito por: Diego Hernandez
Antecedentes
Para poder entender el proceso de registro de garantías, es necesario previamente conocer el origen de la figura del garante como tal.
La figura del garante en el derecho migratorio guatemalteco se creó con la promulgación de la Ley de Migración en el año 1997. Su objetivo era comprobar fehacientemente los ingresos mínimos de los extranjeros que aplicaban al proceso de residencia, para asegurar su subsistencia en el país. Aunque realmente solo se hacía una breve mención y nunca se instituyó su proceso de registro.
Fue hasta el año 2019, con la entrada en vigor del Acuerdo de Autoridad Migratoria Nacional No. 9-2019, el cual contiene el Reglamento de Registro del Estatus Ordinario Migratorio Guatemalteco de Migración, donde se reguló este proceso como tal.
En dicho cuerpo legal, se regula todo lo relacionado a las inscripciones que se realizan ante el Instituto Guatemalteco de Migración, así como los requisitos y el procedimiento para cada una. Dentro de las inscripciones se encuentra el garante guatemalteco, el cual cuenta con un apartado específico en este reglamento.
¿Qué es un garante y cuáles son sus obligaciones?
El garante guatemalteco es aquella persona, ya sea individual o jurídica, que voluntariamente se compromete frente al Instituto Guatemalteco de Migración, a responder solidariamente por el extranjero que se encuentra gestionando un proceso de visa o residencia para regularizar su estatus migratorio o que ya cuenta con uno otorgado, según sea aplicable.
El artículo 22 del cuerpo legal antes citado, establece que dentro de las obligaciones que son adjudicadas a la persona y que debe de cumplir con los extranjeros, se encuentran cubrir cualquier gasto de estadía, alimentación, retorno, así como responsabilizarse de hasta una eventual repatriación y/o expulsión.
También deberá responder con obligaciones frente al Instituto Guatemalteco de Migración una vez obtenga su estatus de garante, como actualizar su registro de forma anual, informar de cualquier fallecimiento de los extranjeros, así como dar aviso ante cualquier renuncia o despido, según aplique para el caso específico.
¿Quiénes necesitan garante y quienes pueden serlo?
La ley migratoria es clara en indicar cuáles solicitudes precisan de contar con un garante guatemalteco a efectos de ser aprobadas. En una primera idea, se piensa que cualquier persona podría constituirse como garante...
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