Guatemala: Similitudes y diferencias entre el contrato de factoraje y el contrato de descuento
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Author | Estefanía Ortuño |
Published date | 09 January 2023 |
Los contratos mercantiles son instrumentos que facilitan la operatividad en el día a día de los comerciantes. Algunos de estos son utilizados como herramientas de financiamiento o garantía, aunque en la práctica, la utilización de diversos contratos no es común, debido al desconocimiento de la forma en que operan o las implicaciones de los mismos. Cada contrato mercantil tiene sus propias características y modalidades que responden a las necesidades de los comerciantes. En este artículo abordaremos las similitudes y diferencias entre el contrato de Factoraje y el contrato de Descuento con el objetivo de lograr determinar las particularidades que distinguen a cada contrato y los aspectos que auxilian a los comerciantes.
Contrato De Factoraje:
Los autores Miguel Ángel Agúndez, Julián Martínez-Simancas y Jaime Velázquez, indican que el contrato de Factoraje es aquel que posibilita la transmisión de créditos comerciales, originados de la actividad comercial que posee el comerciante frente a sus clientes, los cuales son trasmitidos a otro comerciante especializado en la actividad de Factoraje. Este último sujeto, deberá ser un establecimiento financiero de crédito o una persona jurídica, quien se compromete, a cambio de la trasmisión de los créditos, a prestar ciertos servicios relacionados con los créditos.
La Ley de los Contratos de Factoraje y de Descuento, Decreto 1-2018 del Congreso de la República de Guatemala, define el contrato de Factoraje como: “ARTICULO 2. Definiciones… f. Contrato de Factoraje: Por el contrato de factoraje, un vendedor o cedente, cede a favor de un factor, total o parcialmente uno o varios derechos de crédito, para que éste realice una o varias de las siguientes funciones: i. Anticipar recursos del derecho de crédito objeto de cesión; ii. Recibir el o los derechos de crédito en calidad de descuento, como queda definido en la literal e) de este artículo; iii. Administrar una cartera de derechos de crédito asignados; iv. Notificar al deudor de los derechos de crédito objeto del contrato, la cesión o el descuento del derecho de crédito; v. Cobrar en nombre propio o en nombre del vendedor los derechos de crédito objeto del contrato; vi. Proteger o gestionar la protección al vendedor contra el impago del deudor del derecho de crédito.”
El contrato de Factoraje, de acuerdo con algunos juristas, es más que un contrato mercantil utilizado para el financiamiento de los comerciantes. No es solo una cesión aislada de crédito con el objeto de obtener una suma de dinero, ya que este comprende la prestación de servicios a los cuales puede optar el contratante.
Este contrato tiene la ventaja de garantizar una cobertura del 100% del riesgo para quien cede los...
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