Guatemala: Tipos de responsabilidad de los apoderados de una entidad
Published date | 23 May 2022 |
Author | Lourdes Vega |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
En Guatemala, en el caso de las entidades mercantiles, civiles o asociaciones, por lo regular y conforme la ley, cuentan con sus representantes legales. Además, según sea el giro de sus actividades, pueden constituir apoderados para uno o varios asuntos, o bien, para todos sus asuntos, según se conforme su estructura de gobierno. Ante lo anterior, la figura del mandato o poder conlleva varias responsabilidades derivado del ejercicio del mismo.
El mandato constituye conforme nuestra legislación, un contrato, ya sea unilateral o bilateral, que obliga a la aceptación y cumplimiento de lo encomendado por el mandante o poderdante. El mandato es, según Rubén Alberto Contreras: “… acuerdo expreso y solemne de voluntades por medio del cual una de las partes, denominada mandante o poderdante, encarga a la otra mandatario, apoderado o poderhabiente, quien lo acepta expresa o tácitamente, que en representación suya y por su cuenta (mandato con representación) o en nombre propio pero por cuenta del mandante (mandato sin representación), realice uno o más actos o negocios de carácter jurídico” [1]
El apoderado o mandatario, según la legislación guatemalteca, se encuentra obligado a desempeñar con diligencia el mandato o poder, y a responder por los daños y perjuicios que se ocasionen por las omisiones en su ejercicio[2]. Esto aplica tanto para el apoderado nombrado por una persona en particular, o bien en el caso en que una entidad otorga un poder o mandato a determinada persona. La rendición de cuentas debe darse durante y después de haber ejercido las facultades otorgadas. También responderá por el mal ejercicio de sus facultades, cuando se haya excedido de sus facultades, y en los delitos en los que haya participado directamente. Algunas responsabilidades pueden detallarse como sigue:
Responsabilidad Penal: Los apoderados tienen responsabilidad penal en los casos que de manera personal haya participado directamente en el hecho delictivo atribuido a la mandante, debiendo responder por el acto o hecho delictivo cometido y su participación en el mismo. [3]
Por ejemplo, si la sociedad poderdante se vea involucrada en algún acto ilícito cualquiera que este sea, el apoderado deberá responder ante la ley en la proporción en que haya participado en la ejecución del delito.
Responsabilidad Civil: El apoderado tiene la obligación de rendir cuentas de su ejercicio, más no responde por el...
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