Honduras: El intuitu personae en el derecho de distribución hondureño
Published date | 21 March 2023 |
Author | José Rafael Rivera |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
La problemática que presenta el intuitu personae (hace referencia a aquellos actos o contratos en que la identidad o determinadas características personales de una parte-o de ambas- son factor determinante de su celebración) en el derecho de distribución hondureño en el sentido que se trata de un concepto doctrinal que se suele invocar sin base legal concreto, no es única a dicho concepto en nuestro sistema legal, pero sí es la más interesante.
Resulta que una de las características, que señala la doctrina, distingue a un contrato de distribución, es que el principal o distribuido en efecto otorga el consentimiento a la celebración del contrato en atención a las características personales y comerciales de su distribuidor (es decir, a su intuitu personae). Las implicaciones legales en doctrina de tal característica son varias, siendo la más importante que ante la variación en la persona del distribuidor escogido, el distribuido puede denunciar el contrato y terminarlo unilateralmente sin responsabilidad, habida cuenta que la organización del mercado con el nuevo distribuidor no es la causa contractual que refleja el consentimiento otorgado.
En efecto, bajo dicha lógica normativa se suele invocar el intuitu personae en las negociaciones contractuales e inclusive como causa justa de terminación en el derecho de distribución hondureño, precisamente por variaciones en la persona del distribuidor, sin basarse en el derecho positivo vigente. En primera instancia, el Artículo 12 de la Ley de Representantes, Distribuidores y Agentes de Empresas Nacionales y Extranjeras de Honduras[i] curiosamente no contempla la variación en la persona del distribuidor local, e inclusive en su composición accionaria cuando se trata de una sociedad mercantil, como causa justa de terminación unilateral. Inclusive en el caso de un comerciante individual que enajena o transmite la empresa mercantil de la que es titular, por acto entre vivos o mortis causa, no se puede llegar a la conclusión bajo la propia ley referida, o las leyes que le pueden suplir en la integración de cualquier vacío legal, que la variación en la persona del mismo es causa justa de terminación unilateral. Situación muy interesante dada la evidente lógica normativa que el concepto aludido presenta en un tipo contractual que muchos colocan en la esfera de los contratos mercantiles atípicos, y por ende sujeto en mayor medida a conceptos...
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