Honduras: Limitaciones a los Derechos de Autor en el ámbito tecnológico
Published date | 11 November 2021 |
Author | Sandra Amaya |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Aunque en algunos documentos sobre la materia se utiliza indistintamente el término limitaciones o excepciones, para efectos de estudio, llamaremos limitaciones a aquellas que se refieren al ámbito temporal de vigencia de los derechos patrimoniales, y excepciones, a aquellas acciones de terceros que restringe al titular de los derechos patrimoniales el derecho de prohibir el uso de su obra, con ciertas variantes, las que guardan relación con los actos de explotación para los que se exige normalmente la autorización y que con base en estas excepciones pueden llevarse a cabo sin aquella, bajo las circunstancias establecidas por la ley[i].
A nivel internacional la Propiedad Intelectual brinda dos regímenes de protección de los programas informáticos: El derecho de patentes y el derecho de Autor.
El derecho de patentes depende de estrictos requisitos de patentabilidad que muchos programas informáticos no pueden cumplir. En cambio, el derecho de autor se presenta como un régimen de protección más flexible y adecuado, ya que los conceptos doctrinales de la originalidad y la separación entre idea y expresión en el tratamiento de las obras literarias resulta aplicable también a los programas informáticos. La Legislación Hondureña excluye los programas informáticos de la protección por patentes[ii].
De los instrumentos internacionales que sobresalen por su importancia en la materia, están el Convenio de Berna y el Acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC); se trata de los dos Acuerdos internacionales más importantes en el campo del derecho de autor. Los programas informáticos están protegidos como obras literarias en el marco de lo dispuesto en el artículo 2 del Convenio de Berna. El Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC clarifica esa cuestión en su artículo 10, parte del cual se cita a continuación: “1. Los programas de ordenador sean programas fuente o programas objeto, serán protegidos como obras literarias en virtud del Convenio de Berna (1971).”
La Ley Hondureña de Derechos de Autor, Decreto 4-99E, en sus artículos 3 y 130[iii], indican que los derechos de los autores son declarativos, dado que los derechos reconocidos al autor y a los titulares de derechos conexos, son independientes entre sí. Es decir que tales derechos son independientes de la propiedad del objeto material en el cual está incorporado el bien intelectual y no están sujetos al cumplimiento de ninguna formalidad. El autor goza de su derecho desde la creación de la obra.
De modo general, puede decirse que un programa informático consiste en una serie de instrucciones codificadas que tienen por objeto producir un determinado resultado cuando se ejecutan en una computadora. La mayoría de los programas informáticos se escriben inicialmente en lenguajes de programación de alto nivel, los...
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